N212 Patho Exam 3
Correct
Incorrect 00
Questions and answers
1 of 124
Term
Why is it dangerous to give a steroid or anti-inflammatory drug to
individuals in the weeks following an acute MI?
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Anti-inflammatories dissolve the blood clots that are protecting the heart.
Steroids increase the risk of bleeding into the pericardial sac.
Cardiac tissue heals through the inflammatory response. By taking an anti-
inflammatory, you are interfering with the healing process which can result in
ventricular rupture.
, Steroids can cause the heart to beat too fast, leading to fibrillation.
Don't know?
2 of 124
Term
What factors can alter the relationship between percent Hb saturation
and pO2?
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Surface Area
Thickness of Diffusion Barrier
Partial Pressure Gradients.
The coronary endothelium responds to changes in myocardial O2 supply and
demand by releasing vasoactive mediators.
High [O2]: Vasoconstriction
Low [O2]: Vasodilation
Endothelial cells secrete inflammatory mediators
Platelets, monocytes and macrophages secrete radical oxygen species which
oxidizes LDL.
, CO2
Acidity
Temperature
Increased CO2, acidity, and temperature will cause result in Hb-saturation due
D o n ' t k no w ?
to Hb dumping off oxygen to w o r k i n g t i s s ues.
3 of 124
Term
What is the LDL receptor? What role does it play in influencing
circulating LDL levels?
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The LDL receptor is the apoprotein. It signals to target cells regarding it's
contents. LDL receptors signal cells to uptake the LDL.
A deficiency or reduction in receptor function or numbers will typically result
in primary hypercholesteremia.
Secondary hypertension is typically secondary to another problem (renal,
endocrine, neuro, hemodynamic instability).
Primary HTN is considered essential or idiopathic HTN.
- Intense, oppressive, excruciating chest pressure, radiation of pain to Left Arm.
- Impending sense of doom
- Pale Skin
- Nausea, Dsypnea, Vomiting
- Tachycardia
- Increase/Decrease in Blood Pressure
, - ST-Elevation (or No ST-Elevation)
- Elevated Troponin Markers
Stress on the cap: Tension is directly related to intraluminal pressure times radius.
The increased volume of blood increases stress. Additionally, overall weakness of
the plaque. Newer plaques have a tendency to rupture more frequently.
Don't know?
4 of 124
Term
For someone suffering from CO poisoning what would expect the
status of each of the following parameters to be? PaO2, PaCO2, %Hb
saturation measured by standard pulse oximetry, and skin color?
Give this one a try later!
Anemia - pO2 remains unchanged. PaO2: ~100%
pO2 only reflects amount of oxygen PaCO2: 100%
physically dissolved in plasma, not %Hb Saturation: 100%
bound to Hb. Skin Color: Bright Red
A tension (open) pneumothorax is a
break within the parietal pleura. 1. Endothelial injury
2. Increased coagulation
A spontaneous pneumothorax is a 3. Decreased blood flow
break within the visceral pleura.
Correct
Incorrect 00
Questions and answers
1 of 124
Term
Why is it dangerous to give a steroid or anti-inflammatory drug to
individuals in the weeks following an acute MI?
Give this one a try later!
Anti-inflammatories dissolve the blood clots that are protecting the heart.
Steroids increase the risk of bleeding into the pericardial sac.
Cardiac tissue heals through the inflammatory response. By taking an anti-
inflammatory, you are interfering with the healing process which can result in
ventricular rupture.
, Steroids can cause the heart to beat too fast, leading to fibrillation.
Don't know?
2 of 124
Term
What factors can alter the relationship between percent Hb saturation
and pO2?
Give this one a try later!
Surface Area
Thickness of Diffusion Barrier
Partial Pressure Gradients.
The coronary endothelium responds to changes in myocardial O2 supply and
demand by releasing vasoactive mediators.
High [O2]: Vasoconstriction
Low [O2]: Vasodilation
Endothelial cells secrete inflammatory mediators
Platelets, monocytes and macrophages secrete radical oxygen species which
oxidizes LDL.
, CO2
Acidity
Temperature
Increased CO2, acidity, and temperature will cause result in Hb-saturation due
D o n ' t k no w ?
to Hb dumping off oxygen to w o r k i n g t i s s ues.
3 of 124
Term
What is the LDL receptor? What role does it play in influencing
circulating LDL levels?
Give this one a try later!
The LDL receptor is the apoprotein. It signals to target cells regarding it's
contents. LDL receptors signal cells to uptake the LDL.
A deficiency or reduction in receptor function or numbers will typically result
in primary hypercholesteremia.
Secondary hypertension is typically secondary to another problem (renal,
endocrine, neuro, hemodynamic instability).
Primary HTN is considered essential or idiopathic HTN.
- Intense, oppressive, excruciating chest pressure, radiation of pain to Left Arm.
- Impending sense of doom
- Pale Skin
- Nausea, Dsypnea, Vomiting
- Tachycardia
- Increase/Decrease in Blood Pressure
, - ST-Elevation (or No ST-Elevation)
- Elevated Troponin Markers
Stress on the cap: Tension is directly related to intraluminal pressure times radius.
The increased volume of blood increases stress. Additionally, overall weakness of
the plaque. Newer plaques have a tendency to rupture more frequently.
Don't know?
4 of 124
Term
For someone suffering from CO poisoning what would expect the
status of each of the following parameters to be? PaO2, PaCO2, %Hb
saturation measured by standard pulse oximetry, and skin color?
Give this one a try later!
Anemia - pO2 remains unchanged. PaO2: ~100%
pO2 only reflects amount of oxygen PaCO2: 100%
physically dissolved in plasma, not %Hb Saturation: 100%
bound to Hb. Skin Color: Bright Red
A tension (open) pneumothorax is a
break within the parietal pleura. 1. Endothelial injury
2. Increased coagulation
A spontaneous pneumothorax is a 3. Decreased blood flow
break within the visceral pleura.
