NUR 232 PEDS END OF COURSE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔social media influence -✔✔risk of obesity, disrupted sleep, delays in cognitive
social/language development, diminished parent-child interaction
-if educational may benefit child and booster cognitive skills (social)
-chance to learn/gather information
-maintain relationships
assess/educate frequency, content of social media use and how to maintain privacy
-influence violence through video games/ shows
-affect childs self esteem (body image)
✔✔race and ethnicity influence -✔✔influence family structure, food preferences,
expressions of emotion
-may experience health disparities
✔✔poverty influence -✔✔can negatively affect a childs health
-can cause acute/chronic stress
-low birth weight/infant mortality/delayed language development
✔✔parental education influence -✔✔parent economic status directly affects childs
economic status
-Screening be done at each child wellness visit assess ability to meet basic needs
-identify risk factors
-minimize effect of toxic stress
✔✔religion and spirituality influence -✔✔families organize responses to illness/life
transitions through
spiritual assessment must be done
✔✔developmental task -✔✔set of skills that must be accomplished to effectively
function in environment
(chronologically age is not as important)
,✔✔developmental stages -✔✔childhood growth + behaviors are categorized into age
stages
-does not consider individual differences and cannot be applied to all children with any
degree of precision
-describes characteristics at specific times and when changes take place
✔✔directional trends -✔✔growth and development proceed in regular related directions
and related developmental/maturation functions
Cephalocaudal (head to tail)
proximodistal (near to far)
differentiation
✔✔Cephalocaudal -✔✔head develops first (more complex) the lower ends develop
-infnats achieve control of head before trunk
-hold back before standing/ use eyes before hands/hands controlled before feet
✔✔Proximodistal -✔✔development of limb buds before fingers/toes
-shoulder control before hands
-hand used before fingers
✔✔differentiation -✔✔development of simple operations to complex activities
-children crawl before creep
-creep before standing
-stand before walking
-babbles then forms words
-words then sentences
✔✔Infancy period -✔✔birth to 12 months
FIRST MONTH IS CRUCIAL
-rapid motor, cognitive, social development
-mutuality with caregiver (establishes basic trust)
-foundations of future relationships
MAJOR ADJUSTMENT TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE
✔✔Early child hood period -✔✔Toddler (1-3) Preschooler (3-6)
-intense activity/discovery
-from upright locomotion until entry of school
-physical/personality development (what's right and wrong)
-motor development advances
-language/relationships/learn roles/self control
-increased awareness of independence
-develop self concept
✔✔Middle childhood period -✔✔ages 6-12
, -directed away from family and centered around peer group
-advancement in physical/mental/social development
-develops competence
-develop morals
-Critical development for self-concept
✔✔Later childhood period -✔✔Adolescence (12-18)
"identity"
-Rapid maturation
-begins at onset of puberty to entry of adult world
-physical and emotional turmoil
-REDEFINES SELF CONCEPT
-internalizes previous values and focuses on individual, rather than group
✔✔Developmental pace -✔✔periods of accelerated growth and decelerated growth
-rapid growth at birth slows down at early childhood
If spurt occurs in one area (gross motor) then other areas slow down (language/fine
motor skills)
-marked increase in growth at beginning of adolescence and levels off early adulthood
EACH CHILD GROWS AT OWN PACE
✔✔sensitive periods -✔✔Time when child is more susceptible to positive/negative
influences
-quality of interactions during this period determine effect on child
-environmental event influences development of personality
-readiness for learning skills
Opportune time when skills are best learned
✔✔Metabolism changes -✔✔BMI
-children energy needs vary at different ages with changing circumstances
-may be higher for shorter periods ( exercise)
-may be higher for longer periods (illness)
✔✔Temperature changes -✔✔decreases over course of development
-individual differences influence
-12 yr old girls have temperature that stays the same
-boys temperature falls for a few more years
✔✔Sleep/rest changes -✔✔as infant grows sleep decreases
-end of 1st year infants sleep through night and take 1-2 naps
-by 12-18 months (1-1.5) children eliminate need for 2nd nap
-after 3 years, laps are eliminated
unless certain cultures where naps are customary
-sleep time declines form 4-10 years old and then increased during growth spurts
(puberty)
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔social media influence -✔✔risk of obesity, disrupted sleep, delays in cognitive
social/language development, diminished parent-child interaction
-if educational may benefit child and booster cognitive skills (social)
-chance to learn/gather information
-maintain relationships
assess/educate frequency, content of social media use and how to maintain privacy
-influence violence through video games/ shows
-affect childs self esteem (body image)
✔✔race and ethnicity influence -✔✔influence family structure, food preferences,
expressions of emotion
-may experience health disparities
✔✔poverty influence -✔✔can negatively affect a childs health
-can cause acute/chronic stress
-low birth weight/infant mortality/delayed language development
✔✔parental education influence -✔✔parent economic status directly affects childs
economic status
-Screening be done at each child wellness visit assess ability to meet basic needs
-identify risk factors
-minimize effect of toxic stress
✔✔religion and spirituality influence -✔✔families organize responses to illness/life
transitions through
spiritual assessment must be done
✔✔developmental task -✔✔set of skills that must be accomplished to effectively
function in environment
(chronologically age is not as important)
,✔✔developmental stages -✔✔childhood growth + behaviors are categorized into age
stages
-does not consider individual differences and cannot be applied to all children with any
degree of precision
-describes characteristics at specific times and when changes take place
✔✔directional trends -✔✔growth and development proceed in regular related directions
and related developmental/maturation functions
Cephalocaudal (head to tail)
proximodistal (near to far)
differentiation
✔✔Cephalocaudal -✔✔head develops first (more complex) the lower ends develop
-infnats achieve control of head before trunk
-hold back before standing/ use eyes before hands/hands controlled before feet
✔✔Proximodistal -✔✔development of limb buds before fingers/toes
-shoulder control before hands
-hand used before fingers
✔✔differentiation -✔✔development of simple operations to complex activities
-children crawl before creep
-creep before standing
-stand before walking
-babbles then forms words
-words then sentences
✔✔Infancy period -✔✔birth to 12 months
FIRST MONTH IS CRUCIAL
-rapid motor, cognitive, social development
-mutuality with caregiver (establishes basic trust)
-foundations of future relationships
MAJOR ADJUSTMENT TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE
✔✔Early child hood period -✔✔Toddler (1-3) Preschooler (3-6)
-intense activity/discovery
-from upright locomotion until entry of school
-physical/personality development (what's right and wrong)
-motor development advances
-language/relationships/learn roles/self control
-increased awareness of independence
-develop self concept
✔✔Middle childhood period -✔✔ages 6-12
, -directed away from family and centered around peer group
-advancement in physical/mental/social development
-develops competence
-develop morals
-Critical development for self-concept
✔✔Later childhood period -✔✔Adolescence (12-18)
"identity"
-Rapid maturation
-begins at onset of puberty to entry of adult world
-physical and emotional turmoil
-REDEFINES SELF CONCEPT
-internalizes previous values and focuses on individual, rather than group
✔✔Developmental pace -✔✔periods of accelerated growth and decelerated growth
-rapid growth at birth slows down at early childhood
If spurt occurs in one area (gross motor) then other areas slow down (language/fine
motor skills)
-marked increase in growth at beginning of adolescence and levels off early adulthood
EACH CHILD GROWS AT OWN PACE
✔✔sensitive periods -✔✔Time when child is more susceptible to positive/negative
influences
-quality of interactions during this period determine effect on child
-environmental event influences development of personality
-readiness for learning skills
Opportune time when skills are best learned
✔✔Metabolism changes -✔✔BMI
-children energy needs vary at different ages with changing circumstances
-may be higher for shorter periods ( exercise)
-may be higher for longer periods (illness)
✔✔Temperature changes -✔✔decreases over course of development
-individual differences influence
-12 yr old girls have temperature that stays the same
-boys temperature falls for a few more years
✔✔Sleep/rest changes -✔✔as infant grows sleep decreases
-end of 1st year infants sleep through night and take 1-2 naps
-by 12-18 months (1-1.5) children eliminate need for 2nd nap
-after 3 years, laps are eliminated
unless certain cultures where naps are customary
-sleep time declines form 4-10 years old and then increased during growth spurts
(puberty)
