AQA A Level Chemistry Paper| Updated with Real Based Questions
and Correct Answers| Graded A+ for a perfect score
1st electron affinity enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when
one mole of gaseous atoms gains one electron per atom to form one mole of
gaseous 1- ions
1st ionisation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when one
mole of gaseous atoms loses one electron per atom to form one mole of gaseous
+1 ions
2nd electron affinity enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change
when one mole of gaseous 1- ions gains one electron per ion to form one mole
of gaseous 2- ions
2nd ionisation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when one
mole of gaseous +1 ions loses one electron per ion to form one mole of gaseous
+2 ions
4 main characteristics of Transition metals - Correct Answer ✅💯complex
formation, formation of coloured ions, variable oxidation state, catalytic activity
Acid dissociation constant of a weak acid (Ka) - Correct Answer ✅💯[H^+]
[X^-] / [HX]
Acidic buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯Weak acid and a salt of a weak acid. (Or a
weak acid partially neutralised with a strong base)
Activation energy - Correct Answer ✅💯Minimum energy required for the
reaction to occur
Activation Energy - Correct Answer ✅💯The minimum energy required for a
chemical reaction to take place Ea
Advantages of Copper Extraction using scrap iron - Correct Answer ✅💯less
energy used, lower grade ores (more sustainable), lower quality scrap iron (not
wasted)
Advantages of Electrolysis - Correct Answer ✅💯can be used for metals more
reactive than carbon
Advantages of fermentation of Glucose to produce ethanol - Correct Answer
✅💯Sugar is renewable,
low technology level = cheap equipment
,Advantages of Recycling Metals - Correct Answer ✅💯Saves Resources, Less
waste, less landfill, less air pollution, saves energy,
Advantages of using Carbon for extraction - Correct Answer ✅💯Cheap and
effective, Readily available
Advantages of using Ethene to produce ethanol - Correct Answer ✅💯faster,
purer, continuous (cheaper)
Advantages of using Hydrogen for extraction - Correct Answer ✅💯No
pollution, readily available, better purity than C (no carbides are formed)
Alcohol + dehydrating agent - Correct Answer ✅💯Alkenes are produced,
conc. H2SO4/ H3PO4 is used, warm under reflux, acid catalysed elimination
Alkali - Correct Answer ✅💯Produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Amphoteric - Correct Answer ✅💯Act as acids and bases
Autocatalysis - Correct Answer ✅💯When a reaction is catalysed by one of
the products.
Autocatalyst / Autocatalysed - Correct Answer ✅💯The catalyst is a reaction
product
Autocatalytic Reaction between Ethanedioate and Manganate ions - Correct
Answer ✅💯overall 2MnO4- + 5C2O42- + 16H+ --> 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 +
8H2O
Catalysed alternative route
Step 1 4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ --> 5Mn3+ + 4 H2O Step 2 2Mn3+ + C2O42-
--> 2Mn2+ + 2 CO2
Basic buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯Weak base and a salt of a weak base
BaSO4 - Correct Answer ✅💯least soluble
barium meal given to patients to absorb x rys
reacts with sulphuric acid
- slow reaction
BaSO4 covers metal and prevents further reduction
Ba + H2SO4 →BaSO4
Sulphate Test
,- unknown compound + BaCl2 + HCl
- white precipitate of BaSO4 ( Ba2+ + SO4 2- →BaSO4(s) )
Bidentate - Correct Answer ✅💯When a ligand can form two co-ordinate
bonds in a complex ion.
Bidentate ligands - Correct Answer ✅💯ligands which form two co-ordinate
bonds to a metal ion.
Bond Dissociation Enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The Enthalpy Change
needed to break 1 mole of a covalent bond with all species in the gaseous state
The energy given out is the same as the amount taken in when the bond is
formed
always endothermic, ∆H is positive
∆H = ∑(Bonds Broken) - ∑(Bonds Formed)
Bond dissociation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when
one mole of covalent bonds are broken in the gas phase
Born-Haber cycle - Correct Answer ✅💯An enthalpy cycle that allows you to
calculate the lattice enthalpy change of formation for system.
Bronsted Lowry acid - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton donor
Bronsted Lowry base - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton acceptor
Bronsted-Lowry Acid - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton Donor
Bronsted-Lowry Base - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton Acceptor
Buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯A solution which maintains pH
despite the addition of acid or base
Buffer equation - Correct Answer ✅💯[H+] = Ka [acid] / [salt]
Buffer solution - Correct Answer ✅💯Resists change in pH for the addition of
small amounts of acid or base. (It is also able to maintain its pH upon dilution
with water).
Cahn-Ingold-prelog rules - Correct Answer ✅💯The atom which has the
higher atomic number is given the higher priority.
, Calculating relative atomic mass - Correct Answer ✅💯relative atomic mass =
isotopic masses x percentages/total percentage
Calorimeter: Errors in method - Correct Answer ✅💯Heat loss, Incomplete
fuel combustion, incomplete heat transfer, evapouration of fuel after weighing,
measurements are sometimes not under standard conditions, heat capacity of
calorimeter isn't included
Carbon Neutrality of Ethanol - Correct Answer ✅💯No net CO2 emissions
into the atmosphere, due to photosynthesis of sugar crops which are used to
produce glucose for fermentation
Catalyst - Correct Answer ✅💯Changes the rate of a chemical reaction without
being chemically altered at the end of the reaction
Catalyst poisoning - Correct Answer ✅💯When impurities in a reaction
mixture bind to a catalyst's surface, blocking reactants from being adsorbed and
reducing the effectiveness of the catalyst.
Cell potential - Correct Answer ✅💯The voltage between two half cells in a
electrochemical cell.
Change in pressure - Correct Answer ✅💯No change in value of Kc
Change in temperature - Correct Answer ✅💯Alters value of Kc
Chelate Effect - Correct Answer ✅💯Substitution of a unidentate ligand by a
multidentate
ligand giving a more stable complex and an increase in entropy
Chiral Carbon - Correct Answer ✅💯Carbon atom with four different groups
attached
Chlorine + Water in Sunlight - Correct Answer ✅💯H+, Cl- and O2 are
produced,
green Cl2 fades as it reacts to form O2 (colourless)
Cisplatin - Correct Answer ✅💯A platinum containing complex ion with a
square planar shape that can be used as an anti-cancer drug.
Cl2 uses - Correct Answer ✅💯to kill bacteria, health benefits outweigh
toxicity
Co-ordinate bond - Correct Answer ✅💯a covalent bond
in which both electrons are donated by one atom
and Correct Answers| Graded A+ for a perfect score
1st electron affinity enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when
one mole of gaseous atoms gains one electron per atom to form one mole of
gaseous 1- ions
1st ionisation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when one
mole of gaseous atoms loses one electron per atom to form one mole of gaseous
+1 ions
2nd electron affinity enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change
when one mole of gaseous 1- ions gains one electron per ion to form one mole
of gaseous 2- ions
2nd ionisation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when one
mole of gaseous +1 ions loses one electron per ion to form one mole of gaseous
+2 ions
4 main characteristics of Transition metals - Correct Answer ✅💯complex
formation, formation of coloured ions, variable oxidation state, catalytic activity
Acid dissociation constant of a weak acid (Ka) - Correct Answer ✅💯[H^+]
[X^-] / [HX]
Acidic buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯Weak acid and a salt of a weak acid. (Or a
weak acid partially neutralised with a strong base)
Activation energy - Correct Answer ✅💯Minimum energy required for the
reaction to occur
Activation Energy - Correct Answer ✅💯The minimum energy required for a
chemical reaction to take place Ea
Advantages of Copper Extraction using scrap iron - Correct Answer ✅💯less
energy used, lower grade ores (more sustainable), lower quality scrap iron (not
wasted)
Advantages of Electrolysis - Correct Answer ✅💯can be used for metals more
reactive than carbon
Advantages of fermentation of Glucose to produce ethanol - Correct Answer
✅💯Sugar is renewable,
low technology level = cheap equipment
,Advantages of Recycling Metals - Correct Answer ✅💯Saves Resources, Less
waste, less landfill, less air pollution, saves energy,
Advantages of using Carbon for extraction - Correct Answer ✅💯Cheap and
effective, Readily available
Advantages of using Ethene to produce ethanol - Correct Answer ✅💯faster,
purer, continuous (cheaper)
Advantages of using Hydrogen for extraction - Correct Answer ✅💯No
pollution, readily available, better purity than C (no carbides are formed)
Alcohol + dehydrating agent - Correct Answer ✅💯Alkenes are produced,
conc. H2SO4/ H3PO4 is used, warm under reflux, acid catalysed elimination
Alkali - Correct Answer ✅💯Produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Amphoteric - Correct Answer ✅💯Act as acids and bases
Autocatalysis - Correct Answer ✅💯When a reaction is catalysed by one of
the products.
Autocatalyst / Autocatalysed - Correct Answer ✅💯The catalyst is a reaction
product
Autocatalytic Reaction between Ethanedioate and Manganate ions - Correct
Answer ✅💯overall 2MnO4- + 5C2O42- + 16H+ --> 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 +
8H2O
Catalysed alternative route
Step 1 4Mn2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ --> 5Mn3+ + 4 H2O Step 2 2Mn3+ + C2O42-
--> 2Mn2+ + 2 CO2
Basic buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯Weak base and a salt of a weak base
BaSO4 - Correct Answer ✅💯least soluble
barium meal given to patients to absorb x rys
reacts with sulphuric acid
- slow reaction
BaSO4 covers metal and prevents further reduction
Ba + H2SO4 →BaSO4
Sulphate Test
,- unknown compound + BaCl2 + HCl
- white precipitate of BaSO4 ( Ba2+ + SO4 2- →BaSO4(s) )
Bidentate - Correct Answer ✅💯When a ligand can form two co-ordinate
bonds in a complex ion.
Bidentate ligands - Correct Answer ✅💯ligands which form two co-ordinate
bonds to a metal ion.
Bond Dissociation Enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The Enthalpy Change
needed to break 1 mole of a covalent bond with all species in the gaseous state
The energy given out is the same as the amount taken in when the bond is
formed
always endothermic, ∆H is positive
∆H = ∑(Bonds Broken) - ∑(Bonds Formed)
Bond dissociation enthalpy - Correct Answer ✅💯The enthalpy change when
one mole of covalent bonds are broken in the gas phase
Born-Haber cycle - Correct Answer ✅💯An enthalpy cycle that allows you to
calculate the lattice enthalpy change of formation for system.
Bronsted Lowry acid - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton donor
Bronsted Lowry base - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton acceptor
Bronsted-Lowry Acid - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton Donor
Bronsted-Lowry Base - Correct Answer ✅💯Proton Acceptor
Buffer - Correct Answer ✅💯A solution which maintains pH
despite the addition of acid or base
Buffer equation - Correct Answer ✅💯[H+] = Ka [acid] / [salt]
Buffer solution - Correct Answer ✅💯Resists change in pH for the addition of
small amounts of acid or base. (It is also able to maintain its pH upon dilution
with water).
Cahn-Ingold-prelog rules - Correct Answer ✅💯The atom which has the
higher atomic number is given the higher priority.
, Calculating relative atomic mass - Correct Answer ✅💯relative atomic mass =
isotopic masses x percentages/total percentage
Calorimeter: Errors in method - Correct Answer ✅💯Heat loss, Incomplete
fuel combustion, incomplete heat transfer, evapouration of fuel after weighing,
measurements are sometimes not under standard conditions, heat capacity of
calorimeter isn't included
Carbon Neutrality of Ethanol - Correct Answer ✅💯No net CO2 emissions
into the atmosphere, due to photosynthesis of sugar crops which are used to
produce glucose for fermentation
Catalyst - Correct Answer ✅💯Changes the rate of a chemical reaction without
being chemically altered at the end of the reaction
Catalyst poisoning - Correct Answer ✅💯When impurities in a reaction
mixture bind to a catalyst's surface, blocking reactants from being adsorbed and
reducing the effectiveness of the catalyst.
Cell potential - Correct Answer ✅💯The voltage between two half cells in a
electrochemical cell.
Change in pressure - Correct Answer ✅💯No change in value of Kc
Change in temperature - Correct Answer ✅💯Alters value of Kc
Chelate Effect - Correct Answer ✅💯Substitution of a unidentate ligand by a
multidentate
ligand giving a more stable complex and an increase in entropy
Chiral Carbon - Correct Answer ✅💯Carbon atom with four different groups
attached
Chlorine + Water in Sunlight - Correct Answer ✅💯H+, Cl- and O2 are
produced,
green Cl2 fades as it reacts to form O2 (colourless)
Cisplatin - Correct Answer ✅💯A platinum containing complex ion with a
square planar shape that can be used as an anti-cancer drug.
Cl2 uses - Correct Answer ✅💯to kill bacteria, health benefits outweigh
toxicity
Co-ordinate bond - Correct Answer ✅💯a covalent bond
in which both electrons are donated by one atom
