NSPN 7100 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Name positive signs of pregnancy - ✔✔- auscultating FHR
- palpating fetal movement
- visualizing fetus via US
✔✔What are the three trimesters? - ✔✔First: week 1-13
Second: week 14-26
Third: Week 27-40
✔✔Name the aspects of routine antenatal care - ✔✔- health assessment
- obstetrical history
- blood work
- education
- assessments of maternal and fetal wellbeing
✔✔List the routine antenatal bloodwork - ✔✔CBC, antibodies, Hep B surface antigen,
Rh factor, Rubella titre, blood type, STI and pap test
✔✔GTPAL - ✔✔Gravida, term, preterm, abortions, living
✔✔NIPT - ✔✔non invasive prenatal testing
- screens for trisomies
- indicated in high risk pregnancies, previous trisomic or family history
✔✔When should one get their first ultrasound? - ✔✔8-12 weeks
✔✔When should one get their detailed ultrasound? - ✔✔18-20 weeks
✔✔When is one screened for gestational diabetes? - ✔✔24-28 weeks
✔✔When is one screened for GBS? - ✔✔35-37 weeks
,✔✔What are the key antenatal assessments? - ✔✔- vital signs
- urine (protein or ketones)
- weight gain
- SFH starting at 20 weeks
- overall adaptation to pregnancy
✔✔What is attachment influenced by? - ✔✔1. confirmation of pregnancy
2. visualizing via US
3. feeling movement
4. GA of the fetus
✔✔Fundus - ✔✔top of the uterus
✔✔Isthmus - ✔✔area between the body of the uterus and the cervix
✔✔What is folic acid required for and what are some dietary sources? - ✔✔Required for
closure of neural tube
- meat, fortified cereals, legumes, leafy greens, oranges
✔✔What are some signs of impending labour? - ✔✔- low back ache
- pelvic pressure
- less short of breath
- less heart burn
- Braxton hicks
- Urinary frequency increasing
- SFH decreasing
- Bloody show
- Weight loss
- Energy surge
✔✔When can fetal movement be felt? - ✔✔between 16-20 weeks
✔✔Uterine layers - ✔✔Inner: endometrium (decidua)
Middle: mymometrium (3 layers of smooth muscle)
Outer: external coat of parietal peritoneum
✔✔What tests can be done to confirm PROM? - ✔✔Nitrazine or ferning test
✔✔Risk factors for preterm labour - ✔✔- infection
- previous preterm birth
- smoking
- drug use
- inadequate weight gain
- stress
, - multiples
- late or no prenatal care
✔✔5 P's - ✔✔Passenger, passage, powers, position, psyche
✔✔What is defined as the onset of labour? - ✔✔regular uterine contractions
accompanied by cervical changes
✔✔Cervical changes include - ✔✔- cervix moving from posterior to anterior
- effacement
- dilation
✔✔Maternal preparation for labour - ✔✔- increased mammary and central oxytocin
receptors to promote breastfeeding and attachment
- increased beta endorphins receptors in brain
- rising estrogen levels activate the uterus
- cervical ripening from increased prostaglandins and oxytocin
- increasing inflammation
✔✔Fetal preparation for labour - ✔✔- prelabour maturation of lungs
- prelabour development of oxytocin neuroprotective processes
- prelabour increase in epi/NE receptors to prevent labour hypoxia
- in labour preservation of blood supply to heart and brain
- in labour catecholamine surge to promote breathing, energy, glucose production and
heat regulation
✔✔What are the hormones of labour? - ✔✔Oxytocin, beta-endorphins, catecholamines,
cortisol
✔✔What does oxytocin do in labour? - ✔✔- ripens cervix
- contractions
- prevents PPH
- assists w BF post delivery
- "love hormone"
- bonding
✔✔What do beta-endorphins do in labour? - ✔✔- released when in pain/stressed
- suppresses maternal immune response
- facilitates release of prolactin
- natural opiate
✔✔What do catecholamines do in labour? - ✔✔- released in response to fear/stress
- supports newborn transition
- responsible for newborn increased BP and initiation of thermogenesis
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Name positive signs of pregnancy - ✔✔- auscultating FHR
- palpating fetal movement
- visualizing fetus via US
✔✔What are the three trimesters? - ✔✔First: week 1-13
Second: week 14-26
Third: Week 27-40
✔✔Name the aspects of routine antenatal care - ✔✔- health assessment
- obstetrical history
- blood work
- education
- assessments of maternal and fetal wellbeing
✔✔List the routine antenatal bloodwork - ✔✔CBC, antibodies, Hep B surface antigen,
Rh factor, Rubella titre, blood type, STI and pap test
✔✔GTPAL - ✔✔Gravida, term, preterm, abortions, living
✔✔NIPT - ✔✔non invasive prenatal testing
- screens for trisomies
- indicated in high risk pregnancies, previous trisomic or family history
✔✔When should one get their first ultrasound? - ✔✔8-12 weeks
✔✔When should one get their detailed ultrasound? - ✔✔18-20 weeks
✔✔When is one screened for gestational diabetes? - ✔✔24-28 weeks
✔✔When is one screened for GBS? - ✔✔35-37 weeks
,✔✔What are the key antenatal assessments? - ✔✔- vital signs
- urine (protein or ketones)
- weight gain
- SFH starting at 20 weeks
- overall adaptation to pregnancy
✔✔What is attachment influenced by? - ✔✔1. confirmation of pregnancy
2. visualizing via US
3. feeling movement
4. GA of the fetus
✔✔Fundus - ✔✔top of the uterus
✔✔Isthmus - ✔✔area between the body of the uterus and the cervix
✔✔What is folic acid required for and what are some dietary sources? - ✔✔Required for
closure of neural tube
- meat, fortified cereals, legumes, leafy greens, oranges
✔✔What are some signs of impending labour? - ✔✔- low back ache
- pelvic pressure
- less short of breath
- less heart burn
- Braxton hicks
- Urinary frequency increasing
- SFH decreasing
- Bloody show
- Weight loss
- Energy surge
✔✔When can fetal movement be felt? - ✔✔between 16-20 weeks
✔✔Uterine layers - ✔✔Inner: endometrium (decidua)
Middle: mymometrium (3 layers of smooth muscle)
Outer: external coat of parietal peritoneum
✔✔What tests can be done to confirm PROM? - ✔✔Nitrazine or ferning test
✔✔Risk factors for preterm labour - ✔✔- infection
- previous preterm birth
- smoking
- drug use
- inadequate weight gain
- stress
, - multiples
- late or no prenatal care
✔✔5 P's - ✔✔Passenger, passage, powers, position, psyche
✔✔What is defined as the onset of labour? - ✔✔regular uterine contractions
accompanied by cervical changes
✔✔Cervical changes include - ✔✔- cervix moving from posterior to anterior
- effacement
- dilation
✔✔Maternal preparation for labour - ✔✔- increased mammary and central oxytocin
receptors to promote breastfeeding and attachment
- increased beta endorphins receptors in brain
- rising estrogen levels activate the uterus
- cervical ripening from increased prostaglandins and oxytocin
- increasing inflammation
✔✔Fetal preparation for labour - ✔✔- prelabour maturation of lungs
- prelabour development of oxytocin neuroprotective processes
- prelabour increase in epi/NE receptors to prevent labour hypoxia
- in labour preservation of blood supply to heart and brain
- in labour catecholamine surge to promote breathing, energy, glucose production and
heat regulation
✔✔What are the hormones of labour? - ✔✔Oxytocin, beta-endorphins, catecholamines,
cortisol
✔✔What does oxytocin do in labour? - ✔✔- ripens cervix
- contractions
- prevents PPH
- assists w BF post delivery
- "love hormone"
- bonding
✔✔What do beta-endorphins do in labour? - ✔✔- released when in pain/stressed
- suppresses maternal immune response
- facilitates release of prolactin
- natural opiate
✔✔What do catecholamines do in labour? - ✔✔- released in response to fear/stress
- supports newborn transition
- responsible for newborn increased BP and initiation of thermogenesis
