NUR 100/NUR100 Final Exam V3 | Pharmacology
Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to a client. Which of the following is
the priority action to ensure patient safety according to the Six Rights of Medication
Administration?
A. Verify the client’s identity using two unique identifiers.
B. Check the expiration date of the medication.
C. Document the administration immediately after giving it.
D. Assess the client’s vital signs.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Verifying the client’s identity using two identifiers, such as name and date of
birth, is a critical step in preventing medication errors. This process ensures that the right
medication is given to the right patient. According to the Joint Commission and nursing
standards, this must be done prior to every administration.
2. A client is prescribed a medication that undergoes a significant ‘first-pass effect.’ Which
route of administration would the nurse expect to be avoided to ensure maximum
bioavailability?
A. Intravenous
B. Sublingual
,C. Transdermal
D. Oral
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver before it
reaches the systemic circulation. Oral medications are absorbed into the portal venous
system and pass through the liver, which can significantly reduce the drug’s concentration.
Routes such as IV or sublingual bypass the liver initially, allowing for higher bioavailability.
3. The nurse is monitoring a client receiving Gentamicin. Which of the following laboratory
values or assessments is most important for detecting potential toxicity?
A. White blood cell count
B. Serum Creatinine and BUN
C. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
D. Serum Glucose
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aminoglycosides like Gentamicin are known for being nephrotoxic and
ototoxic. Monitoring serum Creatinine and BUN is essential to evaluate the client’s renal
function during therapy. If renal function declines, the dosage must be adjusted to prevent
further toxicity and permanent damage.
, 4. Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a client starting a new
prescription for Alendronate for osteoporosis?
A. Take the medication on an empty stomach with a full glass of water.
B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
C. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
D. Take the medication right before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Alendronate must be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of plain
water to ensure proper absorption. The patient must remain upright for at least 30 minutes
to prevent esophageal irritation or erosion. Taking it with food or other beverages
significantly decreases the effectiveness of the drug.
5. A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure who is taking Digoxin. Which
electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor most closely as it increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Q&A with Rationale | Fortis College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to a client. Which of the following is
the priority action to ensure patient safety according to the Six Rights of Medication
Administration?
A. Verify the client’s identity using two unique identifiers.
B. Check the expiration date of the medication.
C. Document the administration immediately after giving it.
D. Assess the client’s vital signs.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Verifying the client’s identity using two identifiers, such as name and date of
birth, is a critical step in preventing medication errors. This process ensures that the right
medication is given to the right patient. According to the Joint Commission and nursing
standards, this must be done prior to every administration.
2. A client is prescribed a medication that undergoes a significant ‘first-pass effect.’ Which
route of administration would the nurse expect to be avoided to ensure maximum
bioavailability?
A. Intravenous
B. Sublingual
,C. Transdermal
D. Oral
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver before it
reaches the systemic circulation. Oral medications are absorbed into the portal venous
system and pass through the liver, which can significantly reduce the drug’s concentration.
Routes such as IV or sublingual bypass the liver initially, allowing for higher bioavailability.
3. The nurse is monitoring a client receiving Gentamicin. Which of the following laboratory
values or assessments is most important for detecting potential toxicity?
A. White blood cell count
B. Serum Creatinine and BUN
C. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
D. Serum Glucose
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Aminoglycosides like Gentamicin are known for being nephrotoxic and
ototoxic. Monitoring serum Creatinine and BUN is essential to evaluate the client’s renal
function during therapy. If renal function declines, the dosage must be adjusted to prevent
further toxicity and permanent damage.
, 4. Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a client starting a new
prescription for Alendronate for osteoporosis?
A. Take the medication on an empty stomach with a full glass of water.
B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
C. Take the medication with a full glass of milk.
D. Take the medication right before bedtime.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Alendronate must be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of plain
water to ensure proper absorption. The patient must remain upright for at least 30 minutes
to prevent esophageal irritation or erosion. Taking it with food or other beverages
significantly decreases the effectiveness of the drug.
5. A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure who is taking Digoxin. Which
electrolyte imbalance should the nurse monitor most closely as it increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
