ELEMENTARY STATISTICS EXAM 4 FINAL
PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWER KEY
●● Data
Answer: a "fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a
decision." Data describe characteristics of an individual.
●● Population
Answer: The entire group of individuals to be studied
●● Individual
Answer: a person or object that is a member of the population being
studied.
●● Sample
Answer: a subset of the population that is being studied.
●● descriptive statistics
Answer: consist of organizing and summarizing data. Descriptive
statistics describe data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs.
,●● statistic
Answer: a numerical summary based on a sample.
●● inferential statistics
Answer: uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them to
the population, and measures the reliability of the result.
●● parameter
Answer: a numerical summary of a population
●● (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose the percentage of all students on
your campus who have a job is 84.9%.
Answer: This value represents a parameter because it is a numerical
summary of a population.
●● (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose a sample of 250 students is
obtained, and from this sample we find that 86.4% have a job.
Answer: This value represents a statistic because it is a numerical
summary based on a sample.
●● The Process of Statistics
Answer: 1. Identify the research objective
2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in (1).
, 3. Describe the data.
4. Perform inference
●● Variables
Answer: the characteristics of the individuals within the population
●● quantitative variables (associated with discrete and continuous data)
Answer: (take on # values) provide numerical measures of individuals.
The values of a quantitative variable can be added or subtracted and
provide meaningful results.
****examples****
number of students in a class
population size of city
age of an individual
height of an individual
●● discrete variable
Answer: a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of
possible values or a countable number of possible values
●● continuous variable
Answer: a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible
values that are not countable
PAPER TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWER KEY
●● Data
Answer: a "fact or proposition used to draw a conclusion or make a
decision." Data describe characteristics of an individual.
●● Population
Answer: The entire group of individuals to be studied
●● Individual
Answer: a person or object that is a member of the population being
studied.
●● Sample
Answer: a subset of the population that is being studied.
●● descriptive statistics
Answer: consist of organizing and summarizing data. Descriptive
statistics describe data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs.
,●● statistic
Answer: a numerical summary based on a sample.
●● inferential statistics
Answer: uses methods that take results from a sample, extends them to
the population, and measures the reliability of the result.
●● parameter
Answer: a numerical summary of a population
●● (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose the percentage of all students on
your campus who have a job is 84.9%.
Answer: This value represents a parameter because it is a numerical
summary of a population.
●● (Statistic vs parameter) Suppose a sample of 250 students is
obtained, and from this sample we find that 86.4% have a job.
Answer: This value represents a statistic because it is a numerical
summary based on a sample.
●● The Process of Statistics
Answer: 1. Identify the research objective
2. Collect the data needed to answer the question(s) posed in (1).
, 3. Describe the data.
4. Perform inference
●● Variables
Answer: the characteristics of the individuals within the population
●● quantitative variables (associated with discrete and continuous data)
Answer: (take on # values) provide numerical measures of individuals.
The values of a quantitative variable can be added or subtracted and
provide meaningful results.
****examples****
number of students in a class
population size of city
age of an individual
height of an individual
●● discrete variable
Answer: a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of
possible values or a countable number of possible values
●● continuous variable
Answer: a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible
values that are not countable
