NS 1410 EXAM 2 – VITAMINS & MINERALS | TTU STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS &
REVIEW 2026/2027
Thiamin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: co-enzyme (carbohydrate)
Food Source: whole grain total cereal
Deficiency: Beriberi: results in muscle wasting and nerve damage
Riboflavin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzyme
Food Source: yogurt
Deficiency: ariboflavinosis (sore throat & swollen mucous membranes)
Toxicity: none reported
Facts: light sensitive (part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase)
Niacin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: co-enzyme (carbs & fatty
acids)
Food Source: chicken breast
Deficiency: pellagra (4D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, depression and death)
Toxicity: typically from supplements (painful flush, hives and rash)
Facts: used to treat high cholesterol
Vitamin B6: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔also known as pyridoxine
Function: coenzyme (over 100 enzyme reactions; helps to make red blood cells)
Food Source: tuna
Deficiency: anemia (small-cell type)
Toxicity: supplements of B6 (nerve damage)
Facts: supplements have been used to treat PMS and carpal tunnel syndrome
Pantothenic Acid: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzyme
Food Source: mushrooms
Facts: widespread in foods
Biotin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzymes; gluconeogenesis
REVIEW 2026/2027
Thiamin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: co-enzyme (carbohydrate)
Food Source: whole grain total cereal
Deficiency: Beriberi: results in muscle wasting and nerve damage
Riboflavin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzyme
Food Source: yogurt
Deficiency: ariboflavinosis (sore throat & swollen mucous membranes)
Toxicity: none reported
Facts: light sensitive (part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase)
Niacin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: co-enzyme (carbs & fatty
acids)
Food Source: chicken breast
Deficiency: pellagra (4D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, depression and death)
Toxicity: typically from supplements (painful flush, hives and rash)
Facts: used to treat high cholesterol
Vitamin B6: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔also known as pyridoxine
Function: coenzyme (over 100 enzyme reactions; helps to make red blood cells)
Food Source: tuna
Deficiency: anemia (small-cell type)
Toxicity: supplements of B6 (nerve damage)
Facts: supplements have been used to treat PMS and carpal tunnel syndrome
Pantothenic Acid: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzyme
Food Source: mushrooms
Facts: widespread in foods
Biotin: Function, Food Source, Deficiency, Toxicity, Facts - ANS ✔✔Function: coenzymes; gluconeogenesis