Test Bank for Interventional Neuroradiology
(Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol. 176)
2026 Latest Update
Chapter Contents
Chapter Topic
01 Neurovascular Arterial Anatomy: Brain, Head, and Neck
02 Neurovascular Venous Anatomy: Brain, Head, and Neck
03 Neurovascular Anatomy: Spine
04 Brain Vascular Biology
05 Neurovascular Physiology and Neurocritical Care
06 Advanced Vascular Imaging Techniques
07 Cerebral Angiography: Techniques and Practice
08 Neurovascular Disease: Brain Aneurysms
09 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Vasospasm
10 Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
,Chapter Topic
11 Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistulae
12 Acute Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Therapy
13 Hemorrhagic Stroke
14 Cervical and Intracranial Atherosclerosis, Vasculitis, and Vasculopathy
15 Spinal Vascular Malformations
16 Neurovascular Disease in Children
17 Neurovascular Trauma
18 Vascular Anomalies: Classification and Management
19 Interventional Neuro-oncology
20 Vertebral Augmentation
21 Complications in Interventional Neuroradiology
22 Triage and Systems of Care in Stroke
Chapter 01: Neurovascular Arterial Anatomy: Brain, Head,
and Neck
Question 1
The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through which foramina?
,a) Foramen ovale
b) Foramen spinosum
c) Carotid canal
d) Foramen magnum
Answer: c) Carotid canal
Rationale: The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal in
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve
(V3), foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery, and foramen magnum
transmits the spinal cord and vertebral arteries.
Question 2
The circle of Willis is formed by the anastomosis of which arteries?
a) Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries
b) Internal carotid and vertebral-basilar systems
c) Anterior and posterior communicating arteries connecting the carotid and
vertebrobasilar systems
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Rationale: The circle of Willis is a polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed
by the anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery, internal carotid arteries,
posterior communicating arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries. It connects the anterior
(carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) circulations and provides collateral flow pathways.
Question 3
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies which territory?
a) Medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
b) Lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres
c) Occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe
d) Cerebellum and brainstem
Answer: b) Lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres
, Rationale: The MCA is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery and supplies the
lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal
lobes. The medial surface is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The occipital
lobe is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The cerebellum and brainstem are
supplied by the vertebrobasilar system.
Question 4
The anterior spinal artery supplies which structures?
a) Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
b) Posterior columns of the spinal cord
c) Lateral columns only
d) Entire spinal cord
Answer: a) Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
Rationale: The anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord,
including the anterior horn cells, spinothalamic tracts, and corticospinal tracts. The
posterior spinal arteries supply the posterior columns. This anatomical distribution
explains the clinical findings in anterior spinal artery syndrome.
Question 5
The artery of Adamkiewicz is important because it:
a) Supplies the brainstem
b) Provides major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord
c) Is a branch of the internal carotid artery
d) Supplies the cerebellum
Answer: b) Provides major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord
Rationale: The artery of Adamkiewicz (great anterior radiculomedullary artery) is a critical
artery that provides the major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord. It
typically arises from the aorta on the left side between T8 and L1. Damage to this artery
during aortic surgery or embolization can cause spinal cord ischemia and paraplegia.
(Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol. 176)
2026 Latest Update
Chapter Contents
Chapter Topic
01 Neurovascular Arterial Anatomy: Brain, Head, and Neck
02 Neurovascular Venous Anatomy: Brain, Head, and Neck
03 Neurovascular Anatomy: Spine
04 Brain Vascular Biology
05 Neurovascular Physiology and Neurocritical Care
06 Advanced Vascular Imaging Techniques
07 Cerebral Angiography: Techniques and Practice
08 Neurovascular Disease: Brain Aneurysms
09 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Vasospasm
10 Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
,Chapter Topic
11 Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistulae
12 Acute Ischemic Stroke Endovascular Therapy
13 Hemorrhagic Stroke
14 Cervical and Intracranial Atherosclerosis, Vasculitis, and Vasculopathy
15 Spinal Vascular Malformations
16 Neurovascular Disease in Children
17 Neurovascular Trauma
18 Vascular Anomalies: Classification and Management
19 Interventional Neuro-oncology
20 Vertebral Augmentation
21 Complications in Interventional Neuroradiology
22 Triage and Systems of Care in Stroke
Chapter 01: Neurovascular Arterial Anatomy: Brain, Head,
and Neck
Question 1
The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through which foramina?
,a) Foramen ovale
b) Foramen spinosum
c) Carotid canal
d) Foramen magnum
Answer: c) Carotid canal
Rationale: The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal in
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve
(V3), foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery, and foramen magnum
transmits the spinal cord and vertebral arteries.
Question 2
The circle of Willis is formed by the anastomosis of which arteries?
a) Anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries
b) Internal carotid and vertebral-basilar systems
c) Anterior and posterior communicating arteries connecting the carotid and
vertebrobasilar systems
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Rationale: The circle of Willis is a polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed
by the anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery, internal carotid arteries,
posterior communicating arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries. It connects the anterior
(carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) circulations and provides collateral flow pathways.
Question 3
The middle cerebral artery (MCA) supplies which territory?
a) Medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
b) Lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres
c) Occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe
d) Cerebellum and brainstem
Answer: b) Lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres
, Rationale: The MCA is the largest branch of the internal carotid artery and supplies the
lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal
lobes. The medial surface is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). The occipital
lobe is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The cerebellum and brainstem are
supplied by the vertebrobasilar system.
Question 4
The anterior spinal artery supplies which structures?
a) Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
b) Posterior columns of the spinal cord
c) Lateral columns only
d) Entire spinal cord
Answer: a) Anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord
Rationale: The anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord,
including the anterior horn cells, spinothalamic tracts, and corticospinal tracts. The
posterior spinal arteries supply the posterior columns. This anatomical distribution
explains the clinical findings in anterior spinal artery syndrome.
Question 5
The artery of Adamkiewicz is important because it:
a) Supplies the brainstem
b) Provides major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord
c) Is a branch of the internal carotid artery
d) Supplies the cerebellum
Answer: b) Provides major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord
Rationale: The artery of Adamkiewicz (great anterior radiculomedullary artery) is a critical
artery that provides the major blood supply to the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord. It
typically arises from the aorta on the left side between T8 and L1. Damage to this artery
during aortic surgery or embolization can cause spinal cord ischemia and paraplegia.
