small
Transport systems Blood vessels
OPEN SYSTEM M
size t
volume Artery e
away from
heart towards capillary
Imm blood Vein diffusion between
used by insects
of to 13cm
oxygenated heart allow
·
Why are
they needed? ·
medium not always in vessels nigh pressure-thick walls deoxygenated blood bloodt tissues
·SA: V circulates through body cavity thin walls low pressure one cell thick-short diffusion
ratio-larger organisms have a small ·small lumen springs
-
+ -
rely on diffusion dorsal muscular pumping organ ·collagen-strength values preventbackflow
I
Vratio
SA: so can't back
pathway
· -
e
activity - more active:
more
oxygen needed
·
seperate tracheal system for gases ·
elastic tissue -dilation collagen, smooth muscle
very narrow lumen
slow
elasticas smooth
moving due to
for respiration low pressure ·smooth muscle- narrows lumen reduces pressure between
·
size
larger distance for oxygen + nutrients CLOSED SYSTEM for vasoconstriction/vasodilation arteries + veins
travel muscle glattened by
to due to cell
layers medium
stays in vessels endothelium-line lumen-unfold
·
many
·
CIRCULATORY when stretches muscle
surrounding
SYSTEMS ·used
by all vertebrates artery
·have a
liquid transport medium ↳
Sish, birdst
mammals tohelp force
transport double blood along
·have vessels for ~
can be either single or
·have DOUBLE CLOSED L ·narrow lumen
pumping mechanism
I
a
transport gases, waste products + nutrients ·blood passes through heart TWICE
SINGLE CLOSED 2 each circuit
blood travels ·
quick due to
high pressure from heart Tissue fluid
heart - gills-body theart blood pressure to tissues can be high
mainly fish 10 pressure W while pressure to capillaries is low liquid that surrounds cells of tissues
-
transport between blood +
activity of slow reduces
damage cells via
diffusion
low ↳
less neededto blood travels-left of heart - aorta-bodyt forms due to
hydrostatic + osmotic pressure
energy
·
maintain body temp. vena cava - right heart-pulm. artery lungst -> created by
↳ water has constant temp. pulm vein left of heart
-
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE arteries
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
·blood passes through pulmonary -
deox, to lungs Transport in animals capillaries have a net hydrostatic loss of fluid from hydrostatic
4
heart ONCE
each circuit systematic oxy, -
to tissues pressure of 3.54Pa out pressure causes lower in
Haemoglobin ↳
forces slid out through gaps in capillary -> osmosis occurs
down the
capillary walls and water moves
Electrocardiogram(ECG) TACHYCARDIA biconcave- SA for gas
It
into
exchange ↳ allows movement of dissolved water potential gradient
·
electrodes are placed on the shin
·faster ·small flexible fitin capillaries
-
gases nutrients in the fluid capillaries
over opposite sides of the heart ·ECG looks normal ·
afginity for Oz-can carry 4 each
CIt
-
I
but with short interval WET MOVEMENT ·
the electrical potentials generated oxygenated oxyhaemoglobin =
-
lower Y
recorded with time of excitation nucleus more space for gases ·24Pa out
0.5
are
↑
wave ·no
e
-
I
Butthat hydrostate
4
NORMAL Pwave-atrial systole made of 4 globular proteins with capillary
gld
I
out
hydrostatic. Varies from 1.5
higher
QRS complex-ventricular. bound from -> pressure
arterial to venous
R l an iron ion permanently forces
&
hPa from tissues hPa
-
T
sino-atrial node not force fluid
CURVE
emba"now in
systole
·
DISSOCIATION end -
P
working O2 attaches,
back in
↳ -
~> insufficient
Twave
recovery of ·one
-
attache
Q
ventricular walls (ventricular causes tiredness blood
S conformational change
repolarisation) ·pacemaker fitted ograhing allows PREGNANCY
for easier attachment
/rawsao
heartbeat
>Q-T interval contraction ·hard
for 4th to attach ·foetal haemoglobin
e
2
↓
-
T-p-time for time of ventricles
·artig' due to Hb being saturated has stronger agginity LYMPH
-
-
I 6
ventricles to relax +fill pres ·notdirectly proportional contains
↳ to the LEFT
of lymphocytes
.
an
↳ measure of
ATRIAL FIBRILATION higher pOz needed 100% saturation is adultcurve that made in the
-
Oz concentration
a as are
·small/unclear P competition difficult
becomesmoresatural lymph
wave to saturate Mb -
low pOz high pOz e nodes
e.g. W eins eg. lungs
hydrogen ·ly mph passes through
~
ions
atria not contracting properly from
·
BOHR EFFECT CO, TRANSPORT MYOGLOBIN
a n
blood flowing through the heart the lymphatic system +
-
-> less -
Doesm i r o r contamin
② carbonic
VENTRICULAR FIBRILATION ·high CO2 environ -
o 5% dissolved in
higher assinity man back into the circulatory
pattern ment blood plasma haemoglobin moves LEFT system
·
more
no oxygen
-
-
often caused by heart dissociates from ·100% carbomino ·underwater mammals have
e naemoglobin tissue a lymph
a as -
weeken
(1)
attach-ventricles flutter oxyhaemoglobin oxyhaem.
more
myoglobin plasma ->
->
hold breath for longer fluid
no circulation unconscious
-heartbypass dissociation 85% as
hydrogen ↳ in blood
·
can
-
oxygen
·
desib. needed and root prob↳em treated curveshifts RIGHT ↳
⑦
oxygen is
released Blood carbonate ions I
Plasma
Transport systems Blood vessels
OPEN SYSTEM M
size t
volume Artery e
away from
heart towards capillary
Imm blood Vein diffusion between
used by insects
of to 13cm
oxygenated heart allow
·
Why are
they needed? ·
medium not always in vessels nigh pressure-thick walls deoxygenated blood bloodt tissues
·SA: V circulates through body cavity thin walls low pressure one cell thick-short diffusion
ratio-larger organisms have a small ·small lumen springs
-
+ -
rely on diffusion dorsal muscular pumping organ ·collagen-strength values preventbackflow
I
Vratio
SA: so can't back
pathway
· -
e
activity - more active:
more
oxygen needed
·
seperate tracheal system for gases ·
elastic tissue -dilation collagen, smooth muscle
very narrow lumen
slow
elasticas smooth
moving due to
for respiration low pressure ·smooth muscle- narrows lumen reduces pressure between
·
size
larger distance for oxygen + nutrients CLOSED SYSTEM for vasoconstriction/vasodilation arteries + veins
travel muscle glattened by
to due to cell
layers medium
stays in vessels endothelium-line lumen-unfold
·
many
·
CIRCULATORY when stretches muscle
surrounding
SYSTEMS ·used
by all vertebrates artery
·have a
liquid transport medium ↳
Sish, birdst
mammals tohelp force
transport double blood along
·have vessels for ~
can be either single or
·have DOUBLE CLOSED L ·narrow lumen
pumping mechanism
I
a
transport gases, waste products + nutrients ·blood passes through heart TWICE
SINGLE CLOSED 2 each circuit
blood travels ·
quick due to
high pressure from heart Tissue fluid
heart - gills-body theart blood pressure to tissues can be high
mainly fish 10 pressure W while pressure to capillaries is low liquid that surrounds cells of tissues
-
transport between blood +
activity of slow reduces
damage cells via
diffusion
low ↳
less neededto blood travels-left of heart - aorta-bodyt forms due to
hydrostatic + osmotic pressure
energy
·
maintain body temp. vena cava - right heart-pulm. artery lungst -> created by
↳ water has constant temp. pulm vein left of heart
-
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE arteries
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
·blood passes through pulmonary -
deox, to lungs Transport in animals capillaries have a net hydrostatic loss of fluid from hydrostatic
4
heart ONCE
each circuit systematic oxy, -
to tissues pressure of 3.54Pa out pressure causes lower in
Haemoglobin ↳
forces slid out through gaps in capillary -> osmosis occurs
down the
capillary walls and water moves
Electrocardiogram(ECG) TACHYCARDIA biconcave- SA for gas
It
into
exchange ↳ allows movement of dissolved water potential gradient
·
electrodes are placed on the shin
·faster ·small flexible fitin capillaries
-
gases nutrients in the fluid capillaries
over opposite sides of the heart ·ECG looks normal ·
afginity for Oz-can carry 4 each
CIt
-
I
but with short interval WET MOVEMENT ·
the electrical potentials generated oxygenated oxyhaemoglobin =
-
lower Y
recorded with time of excitation nucleus more space for gases ·24Pa out
0.5
are
↑
wave ·no
e
-
I
Butthat hydrostate
4
NORMAL Pwave-atrial systole made of 4 globular proteins with capillary
gld
I
out
hydrostatic. Varies from 1.5
higher
QRS complex-ventricular. bound from -> pressure
arterial to venous
R l an iron ion permanently forces
&
hPa from tissues hPa
-
T
sino-atrial node not force fluid
CURVE
emba"now in
systole
·
DISSOCIATION end -
P
working O2 attaches,
back in
↳ -
~> insufficient
Twave
recovery of ·one
-
attache
Q
ventricular walls (ventricular causes tiredness blood
S conformational change
repolarisation) ·pacemaker fitted ograhing allows PREGNANCY
for easier attachment
/rawsao
heartbeat
>Q-T interval contraction ·hard
for 4th to attach ·foetal haemoglobin
e
2
↓
-
T-p-time for time of ventricles
·artig' due to Hb being saturated has stronger agginity LYMPH
-
-
I 6
ventricles to relax +fill pres ·notdirectly proportional contains
↳ to the LEFT
of lymphocytes
.
an
↳ measure of
ATRIAL FIBRILATION higher pOz needed 100% saturation is adultcurve that made in the
-
Oz concentration
a as are
·small/unclear P competition difficult
becomesmoresatural lymph
wave to saturate Mb -
low pOz high pOz e nodes
e.g. W eins eg. lungs
hydrogen ·ly mph passes through
~
ions
atria not contracting properly from
·
BOHR EFFECT CO, TRANSPORT MYOGLOBIN
a n
blood flowing through the heart the lymphatic system +
-
-> less -
Doesm i r o r contamin
② carbonic
VENTRICULAR FIBRILATION ·high CO2 environ -
o 5% dissolved in
higher assinity man back into the circulatory
pattern ment blood plasma haemoglobin moves LEFT system
·
more
no oxygen
-
-
often caused by heart dissociates from ·100% carbomino ·underwater mammals have
e naemoglobin tissue a lymph
a as -
weeken
(1)
attach-ventricles flutter oxyhaemoglobin oxyhaem.
more
myoglobin plasma ->
->
hold breath for longer fluid
no circulation unconscious
-heartbypass dissociation 85% as
hydrogen ↳ in blood
·
can
-
oxygen
·
desib. needed and root prob↳em treated curveshifts RIGHT ↳
⑦
oxygen is
released Blood carbonate ions I
Plasma
