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9 Class Physics Chapter 4 Notes

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This chapter explains the turning effect of forces and how forces can make an object rotate around a fixed point. It covers important concepts such as moment of force, principle of moments, couple, parallel forces, resolution of forces, equilibrium, center of gravity, and centripetal force. The chapter is presented in a simple, interactive, and student-friendly way, with clear definitions, easy explanations, formulas, diagrams, and step-by-step derivations. Real-life examples are included to help students connect physics concepts with everyday situations. Special attention is given to important formulas, numerical problems, types of equilibrium, and exam-focused concepts, making the chapter easier to revise and understand. Goal: To help

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Class 9th Physics Chapter 4
Turning effect of Force

As we know that force is vector quantity so, when we acting the force
on the body. Some forces produce acceleration, deceleration in a
body some force tend to turn it around a point and some forces
balance each other acting in opposite directions.
Parallel Force
Parallel force are the two forces acting on the body or object in the
parallel line.
Example
Two people are pushing the box in the same direction apply like
parallel force.
Unlike Parallel Force
Unlike parallel force are the two or more force that act along parallel
line but opposite in the direction.
Example
Like an apple is acting the force
gravity on it and the string is
upward force which is hang with.

, Turnning Effect of Force
Turnning effect of force are ability force to
rotate the object around fixed point.
Its is also called moment of force or torque.
Moment of force = F x d
The distance between the two point of the body remain same under
the action of the force is also called rigid body.
Moment of Force
Moment of force or torque is defined as product of the force and
moment arm.
𝜏 = 𝐹x 𝑙


Couple
When two equal and opposite parallel force act on the body on two
different point of body they are formed couple.
Resolution of Force
Resolution is the process of splitting the single force vector into the
two or more component of the force
along the perpendicular direction such
as (x-axis) and (y-axis).
Formula
Fx = r cos𝜃
Fy = r sin𝜃

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August 9, 2026
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