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BIS 2C PRE LAB 3 2026 LATEST UPDATED
VERSION WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS - University of California,
Davis
Most often, eukaryotes call to mind large and conspicuous animals and
plants, but there are many eukaryotes that are not visible to the naked eye.
Recall from lab 2 that the word ‘microbe’ is used to refer to microscopic
organisms in any of the domains and viruses. In lab 3, you will be
introduced to microbial eukaryotes, a group that includes several disparate
lineages with diverse ecology and life history. The occur in most habitats
worldwide, are key players in symbiotic interactions, and cause multiple
human diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and
leishmaniasis among others.
As with all eukaryotes, microbial eukaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria,
and a cytoskeleton. Some lineages also have chloroplasts that are used for
photosynthesis. They can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular and,
paradoxically, some are relatively large- growing up to 30 meters in length
(brown algae). Unlike the relatively uniform body morphologies of
Bacteria and Archaea, microbial eukaryotes show a great diversity of body
forms and associated morphology (Figure 3.1). In fact, aside from the
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characters that they share with all other eukaryotes, they do not have any
unifying features. Given this variability, why are these organisms
presented as a single group?
Figure 3.1
Historically, microbial eukaryotes were referred to as protists (first
organisms) primarily because they were small and did not fit into other
recognizable groups of eukaryotes such as plants, animals, and fungi.
Many of their features were also thought to be ‘primitive’, but recent
research has shown this assumption to be far from correct. Interestingly,
despite the attention that eukaryotes in general have had from biologists,
relationships among the main lineages remain unresolved (Figure 3.2).
Microbial eukaryotes include the eukaryotic lineages outside of Plantae
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and Opisthokonts, namely the Amoebozoans, Excavates, and the
monophyletic group called RAS (Rhizaria, Stramenopiles, and Alveolates).
Question 1. Figure 3.2 is a phylogeny that shows relationships among
major lineages of eukaryotes. The ‘microbial eukaryotes’ are outlined in
gray. Based on what you learned in lab 1, and assuming the relationships
are correct, do ‘microbial eukaryotes’ form a monophyletic group? Explain.
Microbial eukaryotes are not a monophyletic group as that would
require plantae to be apart of the group, otherwise it is only
paraphyletic. Your answer Figure 3.2
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BIS 2C PRE LAB 3 2026 LATEST UPDATED
VERSION WITH 100% ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS - University of California,
Davis
Most often, eukaryotes call to mind large and conspicuous animals and
plants, but there are many eukaryotes that are not visible to the naked eye.
Recall from lab 2 that the word ‘microbe’ is used to refer to microscopic
organisms in any of the domains and viruses. In lab 3, you will be
introduced to microbial eukaryotes, a group that includes several disparate
lineages with diverse ecology and life history. The occur in most habitats
worldwide, are key players in symbiotic interactions, and cause multiple
human diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and
leishmaniasis among others.
As with all eukaryotes, microbial eukaryotes have a nucleus, mitochondria,
and a cytoskeleton. Some lineages also have chloroplasts that are used for
photosynthesis. They can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular and,
paradoxically, some are relatively large- growing up to 30 meters in length
(brown algae). Unlike the relatively uniform body morphologies of
Bacteria and Archaea, microbial eukaryotes show a great diversity of body
forms and associated morphology (Figure 3.1). In fact, aside from the
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Email;
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characters that they share with all other eukaryotes, they do not have any
unifying features. Given this variability, why are these organisms
presented as a single group?
Figure 3.1
Historically, microbial eukaryotes were referred to as protists (first
organisms) primarily because they were small and did not fit into other
recognizable groups of eukaryotes such as plants, animals, and fungi.
Many of their features were also thought to be ‘primitive’, but recent
research has shown this assumption to be far from correct. Interestingly,
despite the attention that eukaryotes in general have had from biologists,
relationships among the main lineages remain unresolved (Figure 3.2).
Microbial eukaryotes include the eukaryotic lineages outside of Plantae
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Email;
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and Opisthokonts, namely the Amoebozoans, Excavates, and the
monophyletic group called RAS (Rhizaria, Stramenopiles, and Alveolates).
Question 1. Figure 3.2 is a phylogeny that shows relationships among
major lineages of eukaryotes. The ‘microbial eukaryotes’ are outlined in
gray. Based on what you learned in lab 1, and assuming the relationships
are correct, do ‘microbial eukaryotes’ form a monophyletic group? Explain.
Microbial eukaryotes are not a monophyletic group as that would
require plantae to be apart of the group, otherwise it is only
paraphyletic. Your answer Figure 3.2
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