APHON EXAM CLOSING SCRIPT UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VIEW AHEAD
PREP MATERIAL SOLVED
⩥ A higher growth fraction.
Answer: Results in a higher cell kill with exposure to cell cycle specific
agents.
⩥ The higher the tumor cell burden.
Answer: The greater the probability of the development of drug
resistance
⩥ Gompertzian function.
Answer: As the tumor burden increases, the rate of growth slows or
levels off.
⩥ 6 essential alterations in normal cell physiology that dictate malignant
growth.
Answer: 1. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 2. Insensitivity to growth-
inhibitory signals 3. Avoidance of apoptosis 4. Limitless replication
potential 5. Sustained antiangiogenesis 6. Tissue invasion and metastasis
⩥ 6 cell characteristics of malignant cells in easier terms.
, Answer: Mutated DNA alters instructions for function 2. Parasitic to
host and has no beneficial function 3. Uncontrolled reproduction 4.
Invades surrounding tissues and mets 5. Immortal 6. Call birth is greater
then cell death
⩥ 6 mechanisms of drug resistance by the cell.
Answer: 1. Decreased drug uptake by the cell 2. Increased removal of
the drug out of the cell r/t changes in the cell membrane 3.
Detoxification of the drug in the cell r/t metabolic changes 4. Increased
repair of DNA 5. Alterations in the structure of drug receptor sites 6.
Decreased sensitivity to apoptosis.
⩥ MDR1.
Answer: Multidrug resistance gene 1. May occur prior to exposure of
chemo or after. Caused by the presence of P-glycoprotein
⩥ How should chemo be administered to maximize effectiveness?.
Answer: At the maximum tolerated doses with the shortest possible
interval
⩥ What are chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle
specific drugs?.
Answer: 1. Greatest effect on actively dividing cells 2. NOT active in G0
phase 3. Greatest action in divided doses or continuous infusion 4.
Cytotoxic effects occur when cell repair or division is attmepted
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VIEW AHEAD
PREP MATERIAL SOLVED
⩥ A higher growth fraction.
Answer: Results in a higher cell kill with exposure to cell cycle specific
agents.
⩥ The higher the tumor cell burden.
Answer: The greater the probability of the development of drug
resistance
⩥ Gompertzian function.
Answer: As the tumor burden increases, the rate of growth slows or
levels off.
⩥ 6 essential alterations in normal cell physiology that dictate malignant
growth.
Answer: 1. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 2. Insensitivity to growth-
inhibitory signals 3. Avoidance of apoptosis 4. Limitless replication
potential 5. Sustained antiangiogenesis 6. Tissue invasion and metastasis
⩥ 6 cell characteristics of malignant cells in easier terms.
, Answer: Mutated DNA alters instructions for function 2. Parasitic to
host and has no beneficial function 3. Uncontrolled reproduction 4.
Invades surrounding tissues and mets 5. Immortal 6. Call birth is greater
then cell death
⩥ 6 mechanisms of drug resistance by the cell.
Answer: 1. Decreased drug uptake by the cell 2. Increased removal of
the drug out of the cell r/t changes in the cell membrane 3.
Detoxification of the drug in the cell r/t metabolic changes 4. Increased
repair of DNA 5. Alterations in the structure of drug receptor sites 6.
Decreased sensitivity to apoptosis.
⩥ MDR1.
Answer: Multidrug resistance gene 1. May occur prior to exposure of
chemo or after. Caused by the presence of P-glycoprotein
⩥ How should chemo be administered to maximize effectiveness?.
Answer: At the maximum tolerated doses with the shortest possible
interval
⩥ What are chemotherapy effects on the cell cycle with cell cycle
specific drugs?.
Answer: 1. Greatest effect on actively dividing cells 2. NOT active in G0
phase 3. Greatest action in divided doses or continuous infusion 4.
Cytotoxic effects occur when cell repair or division is attmepted
