SYG 2000 MID-TERM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

SYG 2000 MID-TERM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Sociological Perspective - Answers A view that looks at behavior of groups, not individuals Society - Answers A community of people who share a common culture Social Location - Answers The group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society Sociological Imagination - Answers Ability to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives Sociology - Answers Study of the evolution, development, and functioning of human society Figuration - Answers simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior Father of Sociology: Comte - Answers Creator of positivism Bourgeoisie - Answers In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions. Proletariat - Answers Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production Durkheim - Answers Established Sociology as a discipline of study. Social Integration - Answers How well you are integrated into your social group or community Weber - Answers ... Changes in Religion Capitalism - Answers ... Symbolic Interactionism - Answers A theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate with one another. Symbols - Answers Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture. Dramaturgical Analysis - Answers Erving Goffman's term for the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance Functional Analysis - Answers ... Robert Merton and Functionalism - Answers a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society Conflict Theory - Answers A theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources. Empirical Evidence - Answers ... Variables - Answers Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study. Operational Definition - Answers ... Validity - Answers Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure Reliability - Answers Consistency in measurement Hypothesis - Answers ... Independent and dependent variables - Answers ... Interpretive framework - Answers ... Hawthorne effect - Answers A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied Replication - Answers ... Literature review - Answers Examining scholarly books and journals to gather information regarding a particular topic Survey - Answers A study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and act. Population - Answers A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area Sample - Answers A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole. Random Sample - Answers A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion Respondents - Answers People who respond to a survey, either in interviews or by self-administered questionnaires. Quantitative v. Qualitative data - Answers ... Questionnaires - Answers ... Self-administered Questionnaires - Answers A set of questions given to respondents who read the instructions and fill in the answers themselves. Interview - Answers A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information. Interview bias - Answers effects that interviewers have on respondents that lead to biased answers. Structured interview - Answers A research procedure in which all participants are asked to answer the same questions Closed/open ended questions - Answers ... Field Research - Answers Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory Primary Data - Answers Data that you gather yourself (not from secondary sources such as books and magazines). conclusion - Answers A summary based on evidence or facts Participent Observation - Answers ... Secondary Analysis - Answers ... Content Analysis - Answers ... Documents - Answers ... Ethnography - Answers the extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting. Case Study - Answers ... Experiment - Answers ... Ethics - Answers A set of moral principles that may be held by a society, a group or an individual. Culture - Answers Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people. Material Culture - Answers The art, housing, clothing, sports, dances, foods, and other similar items constructed or created by a group of people. Culture Shock - Answers A sense of confusion or uncertainty that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life or environment. Non material culture - Answers Human creations, such as values, norms, knowledge, systems of government, language, and so on, that are not embodied in physical objects culture universals - Answers ..., elements found it all cultures but can very from different cultures for example food Ethnocentrisms - Answers evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one's own cultural norms. Xenocentrism - Answers the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one's own. Cultural Imperialism - Answers Domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority. Cultural relativism - Answers Principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture Symbolic Culture - Answers the ideas associated with a cultural group, including ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication) Gestures - Answers Movements of hands, arms and fingers that illustrate and emphasize what is being said. Language - Answers A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - Answers A theory claiming that language influences perception. Example: people who are into decorating can distinguish color by descriptive adjectives i.e. pearl white. Beliefs - Answers Conceptions that people accept as true, concerning how the world operates and where the individual fits in relationship to others. Ideals and culture - Answers ... Values - Answers Beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something). Norms - Answers A society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct. Sanctions - Answers -rewards or punishments that encourage conformity Social control - Answers Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior Folkways - Answers Norms for routine or casual interaction Mores - Answers fixed customs or manners; moral attitudes Taboo - Answers A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom. High Culture - Answers Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite Popular Culture - Answers Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. Subculture - Answers A group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations Counterculture - Answers a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture Ideal vs. Real Culture - Answers ... Innovation - Answers An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. Cultural lag - Answers Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations Globalization - Answers Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. Cultural Diffusion - Answers The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area. Culture leveling - Answers cultures are looking more and more similar to each other Pre-industrial Society - Answers Type of society in which food production is carried out through the use of human and animal labor. is the main economic activity Pastoral Society - Answers a society based on the pasturing of animals Horticultural Society - Answers A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods. Agricultural Society - Answers a society that uses plows and draft animals in growing food Feudal Society - Answers The social, political, military, and economic system that prevailed in the Middle Ages and beyond in some parts of Europe. Industrial Society - Answers A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services