NR 547 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam final Questions
and Answers 2026/2027 Complete Study Guide update
Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints;
(No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may be
indicated
Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Indication for Intervention - The presence of
depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may be used to
monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth
psychological assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] - A brief 9-item self-report questionnaire used as
a screening tool to assess severity of depression; widely used by health care providers,
in validity is well established, particularly for identifying severe depression.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) - Widely used to screen for depression and to
measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
, When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression - Unipolar major depression
(major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history of one or more major
depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for each bolded
answer. A score of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
Geriatric Depression Scale - The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report
measure of depression in older adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format. The GDS
was originally developed as a 30-item instrument. Since this version proved both time-
consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item version was
developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items chosen from the
Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items were chosen because
of their high correlation with depressive symptoms in previous validation studies
Geriatric Depression Scale: Targeted Population - he GDS may be used with healthy,
medically ill and mild to moderately cognitively impaired older adults. It has been
extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care settings.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Score - Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of
depression when answered positively, while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13)
indicated depression when answered negatively.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items
which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats.
The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the BDI
has been tested across populations, worldwide.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) - Designed for use in the
general population and is now used as a screener for depression in primary care
settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major
dimensions of depression experienced in the past week.
and Answers 2026/2027 Complete Study Guide update
Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints;
(No Treatment)
5-8 indicate mild depression; (Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may be
indicated
Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment
9-11 indicate moderate depression; (Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated)
12-15 indicate severe depression.(Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination
treatment indicated
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Indication for Intervention - The presence of
depression warrants prompt intervention and treatment. The GDS may be used to
monitor depression over time in all clinical settings.
Any positive score above 5 on the GDS Short Form should prompt an in-depth
psychological assessment and evaluation for suicidality.
Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9] - A brief 9-item self-report questionnaire used as
a screening tool to assess severity of depression; widely used by health care providers,
in validity is well established, particularly for identifying severe depression.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) - Widely used to screen for depression and to
measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression.
, When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression - Unipolar major depression
(major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history of one or more major
depressive episodes (table 3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - Scoring Instructions. Score 1 point for each bolded
answer. A score of 5 or more suggests depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
Geriatric Depression Scale - The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report
measure of depression in older adults. Users respond in a "Yes/No" format. The GDS
was originally developed as a 30-item instrument. Since this version proved both time-
consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item version was
developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items chosen from the
Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items were chosen because
of their high correlation with depressive symptoms in previous validation studies
Geriatric Depression Scale: Targeted Population - he GDS may be used with healthy,
medically ill and mild to moderately cognitively impaired older adults. It has been
extensively used in community, acute care, and long-term care settings.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Score - Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or
combination treatment indicated of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of
depression when answered positively, while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13)
indicated depression when answered negatively.
The BDI can be used for ages 13 to 80. The inventory contains 21 self-report items
which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats.
The BDI takes approximately 10 minutes to complete. Validity and reliability of the BDI
has been tested across populations, worldwide.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) - Designed for use in the
general population and is now used as a screener for depression in primary care
settings.
It includes 20 self-report items, scored on a 4-point scale, which measure major
dimensions of depression experienced in the past week.
