MDC 4 Final Study Guide Questions with
100% Verified Correct Answers
Hypothermia interventions
prevent heat loss
warm up
no booze
blankets
supine
space out meds
withhold IV meds until core temp 86 or higher
monitor for vfib
rewarm trunk
Parkinson's 4 cardinal symptoms
tremor
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia or askinesia (slow or no movement)
postural instability
mask like face
shuffling gate, drooling
Huntington's vs. Parkinson's
often mistaken for each other, HD has choreiform or jerky movements
Parkinson's Physcial assessment
,small handwriting
freezing
rigidity
masked faces
difficult chewing/swallowing
orthostatic hypotension
soft speech
urinary incontinence
Parkinson's lab tests
CSF mahave low dopamine
MRI or SPECT to rule out other brain conditions
Parkinson's drug treatment
sinement-carbadopa/levadopa (stimulate dopamine receptors)
COMT Inhibitor-Entacapone (prolong action of levodopa)
MAOIS-rasagiline mesylate (increase dopamine concentration)
Dopamine receptor agonists- Bromocriptine mesylate (promote dopamine release)
Antiviral-amantadine
Parkinson's surgical treatment
stereotactic pallidotomy- destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease
patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease
DBS-uses electrical stimulation to modulate these control centers deep to the surface of the
brain, improving communication between brain cells. This helps to reduce symptoms such as
tremor, slowness, and stiffness.
,Seizures (Epilepsy)
seizuer-sudden uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons
epilepsy-2 or more seizures
Generalized Seizures types
Tonic-clonic
tonic
clonic
myoclonic
atonic
partial seizure types
complex/automatisms
simple
tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)
begins on both sides of the brain, but can start in one side and spread to the whole brain.
LOC
muscles stiffen
jerking movements
last 1 to 3 minutes and take longer for a person to recover.
Tonic Seizure
a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk. The stiffness lasts
about 20 seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. Tonic seizures that occur while
the person is standing may cause them to fall. After the seizure, the person may feel tired or
confused
, Clonic seizures
repeated jerking movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes
with numbness or tingling. If it is a focal (partial) seizure, the person may be aware of what's
happening. During a generalized seizure, the person may be unconsciou
Myoclonic seizures
brief shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles. They occur in a variety of epilepsy
syndromes that have different characteristics. During a myoclonic seizure, the person is
usually awake and able to think clearly.
Atonic
muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the body may become limp
complex/automatism seizure
nonpurposeful, stereotyped, and repetitive behaviors that commonly accompany focal
impaired awareness seizures (in the semiologic classification, they define automotor
seizures). The behavior is inappropriate for the situation. Patients are usually amnestic to
their automatisms.
Simple seizure
A simple partial seizure will affect only one area of your brain. It doesn't cause you to lose
consciousness
Causes of seizures Primary
idiopathic
genetic factors
Causes fo seizures secondary
100% Verified Correct Answers
Hypothermia interventions
prevent heat loss
warm up
no booze
blankets
supine
space out meds
withhold IV meds until core temp 86 or higher
monitor for vfib
rewarm trunk
Parkinson's 4 cardinal symptoms
tremor
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia or askinesia (slow or no movement)
postural instability
mask like face
shuffling gate, drooling
Huntington's vs. Parkinson's
often mistaken for each other, HD has choreiform or jerky movements
Parkinson's Physcial assessment
,small handwriting
freezing
rigidity
masked faces
difficult chewing/swallowing
orthostatic hypotension
soft speech
urinary incontinence
Parkinson's lab tests
CSF mahave low dopamine
MRI or SPECT to rule out other brain conditions
Parkinson's drug treatment
sinement-carbadopa/levadopa (stimulate dopamine receptors)
COMT Inhibitor-Entacapone (prolong action of levodopa)
MAOIS-rasagiline mesylate (increase dopamine concentration)
Dopamine receptor agonists- Bromocriptine mesylate (promote dopamine release)
Antiviral-amantadine
Parkinson's surgical treatment
stereotactic pallidotomy- destroy a portion of the globus pallidus, and thereby, decrease
patients' muscle rigidity from Parkinson's disease
DBS-uses electrical stimulation to modulate these control centers deep to the surface of the
brain, improving communication between brain cells. This helps to reduce symptoms such as
tremor, slowness, and stiffness.
,Seizures (Epilepsy)
seizuer-sudden uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons
epilepsy-2 or more seizures
Generalized Seizures types
Tonic-clonic
tonic
clonic
myoclonic
atonic
partial seizure types
complex/automatisms
simple
tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)
begins on both sides of the brain, but can start in one side and spread to the whole brain.
LOC
muscles stiffen
jerking movements
last 1 to 3 minutes and take longer for a person to recover.
Tonic Seizure
a sudden stiffness or tension in the muscles of the arms, legs or trunk. The stiffness lasts
about 20 seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. Tonic seizures that occur while
the person is standing may cause them to fall. After the seizure, the person may feel tired or
confused
, Clonic seizures
repeated jerking movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the body, sometimes
with numbness or tingling. If it is a focal (partial) seizure, the person may be aware of what's
happening. During a generalized seizure, the person may be unconsciou
Myoclonic seizures
brief shock-like jerks of a muscle or group of muscles. They occur in a variety of epilepsy
syndromes that have different characteristics. During a myoclonic seizure, the person is
usually awake and able to think clearly.
Atonic
muscles suddenly become limp. Part or all of the body may become limp
complex/automatism seizure
nonpurposeful, stereotyped, and repetitive behaviors that commonly accompany focal
impaired awareness seizures (in the semiologic classification, they define automotor
seizures). The behavior is inappropriate for the situation. Patients are usually amnestic to
their automatisms.
Simple seizure
A simple partial seizure will affect only one area of your brain. It doesn't cause you to lose
consciousness
Causes of seizures Primary
idiopathic
genetic factors
Causes fo seizures secondary
