NR228/NR 228 Final Exam V3 | Nutrition, Health &
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of soluble fiber. Which of the following
should the nurse include as a primary benefit of increasing soluble fiber intake?
A. Decreases blood cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids
B. Increases fecal bulk and prevents constipation
C. Provides a significant source of energy at 9 kcal/gram
D. Promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance that can lower
blood cholesterol levels. It works by binding to bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract,
forcing the body to use cholesterol to produce more bile. This process effectively reduces
the overall circulating cholesterol in the blood, helping to lower cardiovascular risk.
2. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest caloric density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids (Fats)
C. Proteins
D. Alcohol
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Lipids provide 9 calories per gram, which is more than double the energy
provided by carbohydrates or proteins. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins only
provide 4 calories per gram, while alcohol provides 7 calories per gram. Understanding
caloric density is essential for weight management and nutritional planning in clinical
settings.
3. A patient is admitted with scurvy. The nurse recognizes that this condition is caused by a
deficiency in which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C is critical for the synthesis of collagen, which is a structural protein
in connective tissues. A prolonged deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding
gums, poor wound healing, and petechiae. Nurses should encourage intake of citrus fruits
and vegetables to prevent this deficiency in high-risk populations.
4. A nurse is providing education to a pregnant client about preventing neural tube defects.
Which supplement is most important to start during the preconception period?
A. Folic Acid
, B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the proper closure of the neural
tube in the developing fetus. Inadequate intake during the early weeks of pregnancy
increases the risk of spina bifida and anencephaly. The CDC recommends that all women of
childbearing age consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily.
5. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the
stomach?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Pepsin is the primary enzyme in the stomach that initiates protein digestion
by breaking peptide bonds. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called pepsinogen and is
activated by the acidic environment (hydrochloric acid) of the stomach. Other enzymes like
amylase and lipase target carbohydrates and fats, respectively.
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is teaching a client about the benefits of soluble fiber. Which of the following
should the nurse include as a primary benefit of increasing soluble fiber intake?
A. Decreases blood cholesterol levels by binding to bile acids
B. Increases fecal bulk and prevents constipation
C. Provides a significant source of energy at 9 kcal/gram
D. Promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance that can lower
blood cholesterol levels. It works by binding to bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract,
forcing the body to use cholesterol to produce more bile. This process effectively reduces
the overall circulating cholesterol in the blood, helping to lower cardiovascular risk.
2. Which of the following macronutrients provides the highest caloric density per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids (Fats)
C. Proteins
D. Alcohol
,Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Lipids provide 9 calories per gram, which is more than double the energy
provided by carbohydrates or proteins. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins only
provide 4 calories per gram, while alcohol provides 7 calories per gram. Understanding
caloric density is essential for weight management and nutritional planning in clinical
settings.
3. A patient is admitted with scurvy. The nurse recognizes that this condition is caused by a
deficiency in which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C is critical for the synthesis of collagen, which is a structural protein
in connective tissues. A prolonged deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding
gums, poor wound healing, and petechiae. Nurses should encourage intake of citrus fruits
and vegetables to prevent this deficiency in high-risk populations.
4. A nurse is providing education to a pregnant client about preventing neural tube defects.
Which supplement is most important to start during the preconception period?
A. Folic Acid
, B. Iron
C. Calcium
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the proper closure of the neural
tube in the developing fetus. Inadequate intake during the early weeks of pregnancy
increases the risk of spina bifida and anencephaly. The CDC recommends that all women of
childbearing age consume 400 mcg of folic acid daily.
5. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins in the
stomach?
A. Pepsin
B. Lipase
C. Amylase
D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Pepsin is the primary enzyme in the stomach that initiates protein digestion
by breaking peptide bonds. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called pepsinogen and is
activated by the acidic environment (hydrochloric acid) of the stomach. Other enzymes like
amylase and lipase target carbohydrates and fats, respectively.
