NR228/NR 228 Exam 2 V3 | Nutrition, Health &
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is providing education to a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) for atrial fibrillation.
Which nutritional instruction is most critical for this patient?
A. Eliminate all sources of Vitamin K from the diet.
B. Maintain a consistent intake of dark green leafy vegetables.
C. Increase intake of citrus fruits to improve drug absorption.
D. Avoid foods high in potassium to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K plays a direct role in the synthesis of clotting factors and acts as an
antagonist to warfarin. A sudden increase in Vitamin K intake can decrease the
effectiveness of the medication, while a decrease can increase the risk of bleeding.
Consistency in the daily intake of foods like spinach and kale is the safest approach for
maintaining a therapeutic INR.
2. A client presents with symptoms of night blindness and dry, scaly skin. The nurse should
suspect a deficiency in which fat-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin E
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining rhodopsin levels in the retina, which
allows for vision in dim light. Deficiency often manifests as xerophthalmia and impaired
night vision before progressing to more severe ocular damage. The nurse should also
evaluate the patient for keratinization of the skin, which is another clinical sign of low
Vitamin A status.
3. The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient with poor wound healing and pinpoint
hemorrhages (petechiae) on the skin. A deficiency in which nutrient is most likely?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin B6
D. Iron
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C is a vital cofactor for the synthesis of collagen, which provides
structural integrity to tissues and blood vessels. Without adequate Vitamin C, the body
cannot effectively repair wounds, leading to delayed healing and capillary fragility. These
symptoms, including petechiae and bleeding gums, are classic signs of scurvy.
, 4. A pregnant woman asks why she needs to take a folic acid supplement. What is the most
accurate response by the nurse?
A. Adequate folate intake reduces the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
B. Folic acid helps prevent the development of gestational diabetes.
C. Folate is necessary to ensure the infant has strong bones at birth.
D. Taking folic acid prevents maternal morning sickness in the first trimester.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the proper closure of the neural
tube during early embryonic development. Deficiencies during the first few weeks of
pregnancy are strongly linked to serious birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Public health guidelines recommend that all women of childbearing age consume 400 mcg
of folic acid daily.
5. An elderly patient who follows a strict vegan diet is at the highest risk for which vitamin
deficiency?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Thiamin
D. Niacin
Correct Answer: B
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is providing education to a patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) for atrial fibrillation.
Which nutritional instruction is most critical for this patient?
A. Eliminate all sources of Vitamin K from the diet.
B. Maintain a consistent intake of dark green leafy vegetables.
C. Increase intake of citrus fruits to improve drug absorption.
D. Avoid foods high in potassium to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K plays a direct role in the synthesis of clotting factors and acts as an
antagonist to warfarin. A sudden increase in Vitamin K intake can decrease the
effectiveness of the medication, while a decrease can increase the risk of bleeding.
Consistency in the daily intake of foods like spinach and kale is the safest approach for
maintaining a therapeutic INR.
2. A client presents with symptoms of night blindness and dry, scaly skin. The nurse should
suspect a deficiency in which fat-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin E
,C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining rhodopsin levels in the retina, which
allows for vision in dim light. Deficiency often manifests as xerophthalmia and impaired
night vision before progressing to more severe ocular damage. The nurse should also
evaluate the patient for keratinization of the skin, which is another clinical sign of low
Vitamin A status.
3. The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a patient with poor wound healing and pinpoint
hemorrhages (petechiae) on the skin. A deficiency in which nutrient is most likely?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin B6
D. Iron
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Vitamin C is a vital cofactor for the synthesis of collagen, which provides
structural integrity to tissues and blood vessels. Without adequate Vitamin C, the body
cannot effectively repair wounds, leading to delayed healing and capillary fragility. These
symptoms, including petechiae and bleeding gums, are classic signs of scurvy.
, 4. A pregnant woman asks why she needs to take a folic acid supplement. What is the most
accurate response by the nurse?
A. Adequate folate intake reduces the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida.
B. Folic acid helps prevent the development of gestational diabetes.
C. Folate is necessary to ensure the infant has strong bones at birth.
D. Taking folic acid prevents maternal morning sickness in the first trimester.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid is essential for DNA synthesis and the proper closure of the neural
tube during early embryonic development. Deficiencies during the first few weeks of
pregnancy are strongly linked to serious birth defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Public health guidelines recommend that all women of childbearing age consume 400 mcg
of folic acid daily.
5. An elderly patient who follows a strict vegan diet is at the highest risk for which vitamin
deficiency?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
C. Thiamin
D. Niacin
Correct Answer: B
