NR228/NR 228 Exam 2 V2 | Nutrition, Health &
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is teaching a client who is pregnant about the importance of folate. Which of the
following conditions can occur due to a deficiency in folate during the early stages of
pregnancy?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Neural tube defects
C. Fetal alcohol syndrome
D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Folate is critical during the first few weeks of pregnancy for the development
of the spinal cord and brain. A deficiency during this period significantly increases the risk
of neural tube defects such as spina bifida. The nurse must emphasize that
supplementation should ideally begin before conception to ensure adequate levels.
2. Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the colon and is essential for the synthesis of
prothrombin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin K
,C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in blood clotting by
facilitating the production of prothrombin. While it is found in green leafy vegetables, a
significant portion is synthesized by intestinal microflora. Newborns are often deficient
because their guts are sterile at birth, necessitating a prophylactic injection.
3. A nurse is assessing a client for manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Scurvy
B. Osteomalacia
C. Night blindness
D. Pellagra
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining vision, particularly in low-light
conditions, as it is a component of rhodopsin. Chronic deficiency leads to night blindness
and can eventually progress to xerophthalmia or permanent blindness. The nurse should
encourage intake of carrots, sweet potatoes, and dark leafy greens to maintain adequate
levels.
, 4. Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a client taking an iron
supplement to enhance absorption?
A. Take the supplement with a glass of milk.
B. Avoid drinking orange juice with the supplement.
C. Take the supplement with a source of Vitamin C.
D. Take the supplement with a cup of hot tea.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of non-heme iron by converting it into a
more soluble form in the digestive tract. Conversely, calcium in milk and tannins in tea can
inhibit iron absorption and should be avoided at the time of supplementation. The nurse
should advise taking the iron pill with citrus juice to maximize therapeutic effects.
5. An elderly client is at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency. The nurse understands this is often
caused by a lack of which substance?
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Bile
D. Pancreatic amylase
Correct Answer: A
Wellness Q&A with Rationale | Chamberlain
University
1. A nurse is teaching a client who is pregnant about the importance of folate. Which of the
following conditions can occur due to a deficiency in folate during the early stages of
pregnancy?
A. Pernicious anemia
B. Neural tube defects
C. Fetal alcohol syndrome
D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Folate is critical during the first few weeks of pregnancy for the development
of the spinal cord and brain. A deficiency during this period significantly increases the risk
of neural tube defects such as spina bifida. The nurse must emphasize that
supplementation should ideally begin before conception to ensure adequate levels.
2. Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the colon and is essential for the synthesis of
prothrombin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin K
,C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in blood clotting by
facilitating the production of prothrombin. While it is found in green leafy vegetables, a
significant portion is synthesized by intestinal microflora. Newborns are often deficient
because their guts are sterile at birth, necessitating a prophylactic injection.
3. A nurse is assessing a client for manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Scurvy
B. Osteomalacia
C. Night blindness
D. Pellagra
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin A is essential for maintaining vision, particularly in low-light
conditions, as it is a component of rhodopsin. Chronic deficiency leads to night blindness
and can eventually progress to xerophthalmia or permanent blindness. The nurse should
encourage intake of carrots, sweet potatoes, and dark leafy greens to maintain adequate
levels.
, 4. Which of the following instructions should a nurse provide to a client taking an iron
supplement to enhance absorption?
A. Take the supplement with a glass of milk.
B. Avoid drinking orange juice with the supplement.
C. Take the supplement with a source of Vitamin C.
D. Take the supplement with a cup of hot tea.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of non-heme iron by converting it into a
more soluble form in the digestive tract. Conversely, calcium in milk and tannins in tea can
inhibit iron absorption and should be avoided at the time of supplementation. The nurse
should advise taking the iron pill with citrus juice to maximize therapeutic effects.
5. An elderly client is at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency. The nurse understands this is often
caused by a lack of which substance?
A. Intrinsic factor
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Bile
D. Pancreatic amylase
Correct Answer: A
