BIO 201 Section 2.5: Organic Compounds Essential to
Human Functioning - Terms Grand Canyon University
Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest Update
Question: Organic Compounds
Answer:
Organic compounds are molecules that consist of carbon atoms covalently bonded to
hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements. They are essential to human structure
and function, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Question: Carbon's Chemistry
Answer:
Carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell and tend to form covalent bonds to
complete their valence shell with eight electrons. This allows carbon to form stable,
complex molecules.
Question: Functional Group
Answer:
A functional group is a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that function in
chemical reactions as a single unit. Important functional groups in human physiology
include hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl, and phosphate groups.
Question: Monomer
Answer:
A monomer is a single unit that can join with other monomers to form polymers through
covalent bonds.
Question: Polymer
Answer:
A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeated subunits (monomers) linked by
covalent bonds.
Question: Dehydration Synthesis
Answer:
Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the joining of monomers to form
polymers, releasing a molecule of water.
, Question: Hydrolysis
Answer:
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding a
molecule of water.
Question: Carbohydrates
Answer:
Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically
in a 1:2:1 ratio. They are a primary energy source for the body.
Question: Monosaccharides
Answer:
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar
molecules like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Question: Disaccharides
Answer:
Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic
bond, such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Question: Polysaccharides
Answer:
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide
units, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Question: Lipids
Answer:
Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic organic compounds, including triglycerides,
phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins, important for energy storage and cell
membrane structure.
Human Functioning - Terms Grand Canyon University
Questions with 100% Verified Answers Latest Update
Question: Organic Compounds
Answer:
Organic compounds are molecules that consist of carbon atoms covalently bonded to
hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements. They are essential to human structure
and function, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Question: Carbon's Chemistry
Answer:
Carbon atoms have four electrons in their valence shell and tend to form covalent bonds to
complete their valence shell with eight electrons. This allows carbon to form stable,
complex molecules.
Question: Functional Group
Answer:
A functional group is a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that function in
chemical reactions as a single unit. Important functional groups in human physiology
include hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, methyl, and phosphate groups.
Question: Monomer
Answer:
A monomer is a single unit that can join with other monomers to form polymers through
covalent bonds.
Question: Polymer
Answer:
A polymer is a large molecule composed of many repeated subunits (monomers) linked by
covalent bonds.
Question: Dehydration Synthesis
Answer:
Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the joining of monomers to form
polymers, releasing a molecule of water.
, Question: Hydrolysis
Answer:
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers by adding a
molecule of water.
Question: Carbohydrates
Answer:
Carbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically
in a 1:2:1 ratio. They are a primary energy source for the body.
Question: Monosaccharides
Answer:
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar
molecules like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Question: Disaccharides
Answer:
Disaccharides are carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic
bond, such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Question: Polysaccharides
Answer:
Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharide
units, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Question: Lipids
Answer:
Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic organic compounds, including triglycerides,
phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins, important for energy storage and cell
membrane structure.
