,BIOD152/BIOD 152 Module 7 Exam | Essential Human
Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following correctly lists the organs of the urinary system in the order urine passes
through them?
A) Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter
B) Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
C) Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra
D) Ureter, kidney, bladder, urethra
Correct Answer: Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
Rationale: Urine is produced in the kidneys, then drains through the ureters into the urinary bladder for
storage, and is finally expelled from the body through the urethra. This unidirectional flow is essential
for proper urinary system function.
2. What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
A) To store urine until it is excreted
B) To filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
C) To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
D) To produce hormones that regulate blood pressure only
Correct Answer: To filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Rationale: The kidneys perform multiple vital functions, including filtering waste products from the
blood, regulating blood volume and chemical composition, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance. The ureters transport urine, and the bladder stores it.
3. The indented region on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter enter is
called the:
,A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal hilus
Rationale: The renal hilus is a concave cleft on the medial surface of the kidney. It serves as the entry
point for the renal artery and renal nerves and the exit point for the renal vein and ureter.
4. Which of the following is the outermost layer of protective tissue surrounding the kidney?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Peritoneum
Correct Answer: Renal fascia
Rationale: The kidney is surrounded by three layers of protective tissue. From innermost to outermost,
these are the renal capsule, the adipose capsule, and the renal fascia. The renal fascia is the dense
fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
A) Renal pyramid
B) Nephron
C) Renal pelvis
D) Calyx
Correct Answer: Nephron
, Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney
contains millions of nephrons that filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and secrete waste
products to form urine.
6. In which region of the kidney are the glomerular capsules and the convoluted tubules of the nephrons
located?
A) Renal medulla
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal cortex
D) Renal sinus
Correct Answer: Renal cortex
Rationale: The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney, just inside the renal capsule. It contains the
glomerular capsules and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephrons.
7. The renal pyramids are located in which region of the kidney?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal medulla
Rationale: The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, deep to the cortex. It is composed of
triangular structures called renal pyramids, which contain the loops of Henle and collecting ducts of the
nephrons.
8. What is the function of the renal pelvis?
A) To filter blood
B) To collect urine and funnel it into the ureter
Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following correctly lists the organs of the urinary system in the order urine passes
through them?
A) Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter
B) Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
C) Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra
D) Ureter, kidney, bladder, urethra
Correct Answer: Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
Rationale: Urine is produced in the kidneys, then drains through the ureters into the urinary bladder for
storage, and is finally expelled from the body through the urethra. This unidirectional flow is essential
for proper urinary system function.
2. What is the primary function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
A) To store urine until it is excreted
B) To filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
C) To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
D) To produce hormones that regulate blood pressure only
Correct Answer: To filter blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Rationale: The kidneys perform multiple vital functions, including filtering waste products from the
blood, regulating blood volume and chemical composition, and maintaining fluid and electrolyte
balance. The ureters transport urine, and the bladder stores it.
3. The indented region on the medial surface of the kidney where blood vessels and the ureter enter is
called the:
,A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal hilus
Rationale: The renal hilus is a concave cleft on the medial surface of the kidney. It serves as the entry
point for the renal artery and renal nerves and the exit point for the renal vein and ureter.
4. Which of the following is the outermost layer of protective tissue surrounding the kidney?
A) Renal capsule
B) Adipose capsule
C) Renal fascia
D) Peritoneum
Correct Answer: Renal fascia
Rationale: The kidney is surrounded by three layers of protective tissue. From innermost to outermost,
these are the renal capsule, the adipose capsule, and the renal fascia. The renal fascia is the dense
fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
A) Renal pyramid
B) Nephron
C) Renal pelvis
D) Calyx
Correct Answer: Nephron
, Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney
contains millions of nephrons that filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and secrete waste
products to form urine.
6. In which region of the kidney are the glomerular capsules and the convoluted tubules of the nephrons
located?
A) Renal medulla
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal cortex
D) Renal sinus
Correct Answer: Renal cortex
Rationale: The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney, just inside the renal capsule. It contains the
glomerular capsules and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephrons.
7. The renal pyramids are located in which region of the kidney?
A) Renal cortex
B) Renal medulla
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal hilus
Correct Answer: Renal medulla
Rationale: The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, deep to the cortex. It is composed of
triangular structures called renal pyramids, which contain the loops of Henle and collecting ducts of the
nephrons.
8. What is the function of the renal pelvis?
A) To filter blood
B) To collect urine and funnel it into the ureter
