,BIOD152/BIOD 152 Module 1 Exam | Essential Human
Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies the functions of body parts, while physiology studies their structures
B) Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology looks at how the body parts function
together
C) Anatomy is concerned with microscopic structures, while physiology is concerned with macroscopic
structures
D) Anatomy and physiology are essentially the same field of study
Correct Answer: Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology looks at how the body
parts function together
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and its parts, while physiology is the study
of how those parts function together. The physiology of the body depends on its anatomy, as structure
and function are inherently linked.
2. What is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system called?
A) Nucleus
B) Ganglion
C) Nerve
D) Tract
Correct Answer: Ganglion
Rationale: Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord in the
peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, similar clusters are called nuclei.
3. Which part of the autonomic nervous system accelerates the heartbeat and increases breathing rate?
,A) Parasympathetic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, which
accelerates the heart rate, increases breathing rate, and prepares the body for stressful situations.
4. The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains what type of neurons?
A) Motor / efferent neurons
B) Sensory / afferent neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Autonomic neurons
Correct Answer: Sensory / afferent neurons
Rationale: The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains sensory (afferent) neuron fibers that carry impulses
from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system.
5. This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body:
A) Axon
B) Dendrites
C) Axon hillock
D) Synaptic terminal
Correct Answer: Dendrites
, Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and
conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body. The axon conducts impulses away from the cell body.
6. A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of which nervous system division?
A) Central nervous system
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: Somatic nervous system
Rationale: Neurons controlling skeletal muscles, such as the bicep, are part of the somatic nervous
system, a division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for voluntary movement.
7. What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse?
A) The continuous release of neurotransmitters
B) The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse
C) The presence of myelin sheath
D) The continuous firing of action potentials
Correct Answer: The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse
Rationale: The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse prevents continuous stimulation.
Some synapses contain enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters, while others rapidly absorb
the neurotransmitter.
8. Which neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab | Portage Learning | Q & A |
2026/2027 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies the functions of body parts, while physiology studies their structures
B) Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology looks at how the body parts function
together
C) Anatomy is concerned with microscopic structures, while physiology is concerned with macroscopic
structures
D) Anatomy and physiology are essentially the same field of study
Correct Answer: Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body, while physiology looks at how the body
parts function together
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and its parts, while physiology is the study
of how those parts function together. The physiology of the body depends on its anatomy, as structure
and function are inherently linked.
2. What is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system called?
A) Nucleus
B) Ganglion
C) Nerve
D) Tract
Correct Answer: Ganglion
Rationale: Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord in the
peripheral nervous system. In the central nervous system, similar clusters are called nuclei.
3. Which part of the autonomic nervous system accelerates the heartbeat and increases breathing rate?
,A) Parasympathetic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Sympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response, which
accelerates the heart rate, increases breathing rate, and prepares the body for stressful situations.
4. The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains what type of neurons?
A) Motor / efferent neurons
B) Sensory / afferent neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Autonomic neurons
Correct Answer: Sensory / afferent neurons
Rationale: The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains sensory (afferent) neuron fibers that carry impulses
from sensory receptors toward the central nervous system.
5. This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses towards the cell body:
A) Axon
B) Dendrites
C) Axon hillock
D) Synaptic terminal
Correct Answer: Dendrites
, Rationale: Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and
conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body. The axon conducts impulses away from the cell body.
6. A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of which nervous system division?
A) Central nervous system
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: Somatic nervous system
Rationale: Neurons controlling skeletal muscles, such as the bicep, are part of the somatic nervous
system, a division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for voluntary movement.
7. What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse?
A) The continuous release of neurotransmitters
B) The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse
C) The presence of myelin sheath
D) The continuous firing of action potentials
Correct Answer: The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse
Rationale: The short existence of neurotransmitters in the synapse prevents continuous stimulation.
Some synapses contain enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters, while others rapidly absorb
the neurotransmitter.
8. Which neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone?
A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
