Prepare for your 3 P Exam
You may have to zoom in on images.
Cardiovascular
Clinical
Manifestations
Diagnosis Risk Factors Pathophysiology Diagnostics Treatment
(Symptoms &
Signs)
Atrial Fibrillation Hypertension, Disorganized Symptoms: ECG, Echo- Anticoagulants,
Diabetes, electrical signals Palpitations, cardiography, Beta-blockers,
Coronary in the atria lead Fatigue, SOB, Holter Monitor, Antiarrhythmics,
Artery Disease, to irregular Dizziness, Thyroid Function Cardioversion,
Obesity, contractions and Chest Tests Lifestyle
Alcohol Use, risk of thrombus Discomfort | Modifications
Smoking, Age > formation. Signs: Irregular
65 Heartbeat,
Tachycardia
Peripheral Artery Disease Smoking, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: ABI, Doppler Smoking
Diabetes, causes Claudication, Ultrasound, Cessation,
Hypertension, narrowing of Pain in Legs Angiography, Statins,
Hyperlipidemia, peripheral During Activity Lipid Panel Antiplatelet
Obesity, Age > arteries, | Signs: Weak Therapy, Exercise
50 reducing blood Pulses, Cool Therapy,
flow and leading Skin, Ulcers, Angioplasty or
to ischemia. Hair Loss on Surgery
Legs
Varicose Veins Prolonged Weak venous Symptoms: Duplex Compression
Standing, walls and valves Aching Pain, Ultrasound, Stockings,
Pregnancy, cause pooling of Heaviness, Physical Exam Sclerotherapy,
Obesity, Family blood, increasing Swelling in Surgery, Lifestyle
History, Aging, venous pressure Legs, Itching, Changes
Female Gender and vein Cramping |
enlargement. Signs: Enlarged
Veins, Skin
Discoloration
Heart Failure Hypertension, Impaired cardiac Symptoms: Echocardiogram, ACE Inhibitors,
Coronary output due to Dyspnea, BNP, Chest X-ray Beta-Blockers,
Artery Disease, pumping or Orthopnea, Diuretics,
Diabetes, filling Fatigue, Advanced
Obesity, dysfunction Edema, Therapies
Smoking, leads to fluid Nocturia |
Previous MI, overload and Signs: JVD,
Valvular Heart tissue Crackles, S3
Disease hypoperfusion. Heart Sound,
Peripheral
Edema
Peripheral Edema Heart Failure, Fluid Symptoms: Physical Exam, Treat Underlying
Kidney Disease, accumulation in Swelling in Serum Albumin, Cause, Diuretics,
Liver Disease interstitial Extremities, Doppler Compression
(Cirrhosis), spaces due to Heaviness, Ultrasound Therapy
Venous increased Tightness of
Insufficiency, hydrostatic Skin | Signs:
Sedentary pressure or Pitting Edema,
Lifestyle, lymphatic Shiny Skin,
Medications obstruction. Limb Swelling
Coronary Artery Disease Hypertension, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: ECG, Stress Lifestyle
Smoking, in coronary Chest Pain Testing, Changes,
Diabetes, High arteries reduces (Angina), Coronary Antiplatelets,
LDL blood flow to Fatigue, Angiography Statins, Beta-
Cholesterol, the Palpitations | Blockers,
Family History myocardium, Signs: Revascularization
, of CAD, causing ischemia Abnormal ECG,
Obesity, and infarction. Elevated
Sedentary Enzymes in MI
Lifestyle
Anticoagulation Atrial Inhibits clotting Symptoms: Not PT/INR, Anti-Xa Warfarin, DOACs,
Fibrillation, cascade to Applicable | Levels, Reversal Agents
DVT, PE, reduce Signs: Monitoring for as Needed
Mechanical thrombus Increased INR, Bleeding
Heart Valves formation. Bruising,
Bleeding
Complications
Hypertension Obesity, Increased Symptoms: BP Lifestyle
Sodium Intake, systemic Often Measurement, Modifications,
Alcohol Use, vascular Asymptomatic BMP, Urinalysis ACE Inhibitors,
Smoking, resistance due | Signs: ARBs, Calcium
Sedentary to arterial Elevated BP, Channel
Lifestyle, stiffness or Retinal Blockers,
Family History, heightened Changes, LV Diuretics
Age > 50 sympathetic Hypertrophy
activity.
Infectious Endocarditis Valvular Infection of the Symptoms: Blood Cultures, IV Antibiotics,
Disease, IV endocardium Fever, Fatigue, Echocardiogram Valve Surgery in
Drug Use, leads to New/Changing (TEE), CBC, Severe Cases
Recent Dental vegetation Murmur, Osler ESR/CRP
Procedures formation and Nodes,
embolic events. Janeway
Lesions | Signs:
Abnormal
Vegetations on
Echo
Dermatological
Clinical
Manifestations
Diagnosis Risk Factors Pathophysiology Diagnostics Treatment
(Symptoms &
Signs)
Psoriasis Family History, Chronic Symptoms: Clinical Topical
Stress, Obesity, autoimmune Itchy, Scaly Examination, Corticosteroids,
Smoking, Infections condition with Skin Patches, Skin Biopsy, Vitamin D
(e.g., Streptococcal), hyperproliferation Joint Pain (in Rule Out Analogues,
Certain Medications of keratinocytes Psoriatic Fungal Systemic
and Arthritis) | Infections Therapies,
inflammation. Signs: Silvery Phototherapy
Scales, Auspitz
Sign
Tinea Corporis Contact with Fungal infection Symptoms: KOH Prep of Topical
Infected Individuals, of keratinized Itchy, Annular Skin Antifungals, Oral
Warm/Humid tissues caused by Lesions with Scraping, Antifungals for
Environments, dermatophytes. Central Fungal Extensive
Immunosuppression, Clearing | Culture Disease
Poor Hygiene Signs: Red,
Scaly Borders,
Expanding
Ring-like
Appearance
Scabies Close Contact with Infestation by Symptoms: Clinical Topical
Infested Individuals, Sarcoptes scabiei Severe Itching, Diagnosis, Permethrin, Oral
Crowded Living mite causing Especially at Skin Ivermectin,
Conditions hypersensitivity Night | Signs: Scrapings for Wash Bedding
, and intense Burrows in Mites or and Clothes
itching. Interdigital Eggs
Spaces, Wrists,
Elbows,
Genitals
Herpes Zoster Age > 50, Reactivation of Symptoms: Clinical Antiviral
Immunosuppression, Varicella-Zoster Burning Pain, Diagnosis, Therapy, Pain
Previous Varicella Virus from dorsal Tingling Before PCR Testing Management,
Infection root ganglia, Rash | Signs: for VZV Postherpetic
leading to Vesicular Rash Neuralgia
vesicular rash. in Dermatomal Treatment
Pattern,
Postherpetic
Neuralgia
Dermal Cyst Trauma, Blocked Blockage of Symptoms: Clinical Incision and
Hair Follicles, sebaceous glands Painless Lump Diagnosis, Drainage,
Genetic or epidermal cell | Signs: Ultrasound Surgical Excision
Predisposition proliferation leads Mobile, Firm or Biopsy if for Recurrent
to sac-like cyst Nodule Suspicious Cysts
formation. Beneath Skin,
Inflammation if
Infected
Keloid Wound Healing, Excessive Symptoms: Clinical Intralesional
Genetic fibroblast Raised Scar, Examination, Corticosteroids,
Predisposition, proliferation and Itching, Rule Out Silicone Gel
Darker Skin Types, collagen Discomfort | Hypertrophic Sheets, Surgical
Ear Piercings, Burns deposition during Signs: Firm, Scar Excision
wound healing. Shiny,
Overgrown
Scar Tissue
Beyond Wound
Margins
Tinea Capitis Contact with Fungal infection Symptoms: KOH Prep of Oral Antifungals,
Infected Individuals of the scalp and Scaly Patches Hair Selenium Sulfide
or Animals, Poor hair follicles by on Scalp, Hair Samples, Shampoo
Hygiene, Crowded Trichophyton or Loss, Itching | Fungal
Living Conditions Microsporum Signs: Black Culture
species. Dots, Kerion
Atopic Dermatitis Family History of Chronic Symptoms: Clinical Topical Steroids,
Atopy, Dry Skin, inflammatory skin Itchy, Dry Skin, Diagnosis, Emollients,
Irritants (e.g., Soaps, condition due to Flare-Ups | Allergy Antihistamines,
Detergents), Climate genetic and Signs: Testing in Dupilumab for
immune Erythematous Severe Cases Severe Cases
dysregulation. Patches,
Lichenification,
Flexural
Distribution
Urticaria Allergic Reactions, Histamine release Symptoms: Clinical Antihistamines,
Infections, Stress, from mast cells Itchy Wheals, Diagnosis, Corticosteroids
Physical Triggers causes localized Angioedema | Allergy for Severe Cases
(e.g., Heat, Cold, swelling and Signs: Testing if
Pressure) erythema. Transient Red Suspected
or White
Raised Lesions
You may have to zoom in on images.
Cardiovascular
Clinical
Manifestations
Diagnosis Risk Factors Pathophysiology Diagnostics Treatment
(Symptoms &
Signs)
Atrial Fibrillation Hypertension, Disorganized Symptoms: ECG, Echo- Anticoagulants,
Diabetes, electrical signals Palpitations, cardiography, Beta-blockers,
Coronary in the atria lead Fatigue, SOB, Holter Monitor, Antiarrhythmics,
Artery Disease, to irregular Dizziness, Thyroid Function Cardioversion,
Obesity, contractions and Chest Tests Lifestyle
Alcohol Use, risk of thrombus Discomfort | Modifications
Smoking, Age > formation. Signs: Irregular
65 Heartbeat,
Tachycardia
Peripheral Artery Disease Smoking, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: ABI, Doppler Smoking
Diabetes, causes Claudication, Ultrasound, Cessation,
Hypertension, narrowing of Pain in Legs Angiography, Statins,
Hyperlipidemia, peripheral During Activity Lipid Panel Antiplatelet
Obesity, Age > arteries, | Signs: Weak Therapy, Exercise
50 reducing blood Pulses, Cool Therapy,
flow and leading Skin, Ulcers, Angioplasty or
to ischemia. Hair Loss on Surgery
Legs
Varicose Veins Prolonged Weak venous Symptoms: Duplex Compression
Standing, walls and valves Aching Pain, Ultrasound, Stockings,
Pregnancy, cause pooling of Heaviness, Physical Exam Sclerotherapy,
Obesity, Family blood, increasing Swelling in Surgery, Lifestyle
History, Aging, venous pressure Legs, Itching, Changes
Female Gender and vein Cramping |
enlargement. Signs: Enlarged
Veins, Skin
Discoloration
Heart Failure Hypertension, Impaired cardiac Symptoms: Echocardiogram, ACE Inhibitors,
Coronary output due to Dyspnea, BNP, Chest X-ray Beta-Blockers,
Artery Disease, pumping or Orthopnea, Diuretics,
Diabetes, filling Fatigue, Advanced
Obesity, dysfunction Edema, Therapies
Smoking, leads to fluid Nocturia |
Previous MI, overload and Signs: JVD,
Valvular Heart tissue Crackles, S3
Disease hypoperfusion. Heart Sound,
Peripheral
Edema
Peripheral Edema Heart Failure, Fluid Symptoms: Physical Exam, Treat Underlying
Kidney Disease, accumulation in Swelling in Serum Albumin, Cause, Diuretics,
Liver Disease interstitial Extremities, Doppler Compression
(Cirrhosis), spaces due to Heaviness, Ultrasound Therapy
Venous increased Tightness of
Insufficiency, hydrostatic Skin | Signs:
Sedentary pressure or Pitting Edema,
Lifestyle, lymphatic Shiny Skin,
Medications obstruction. Limb Swelling
Coronary Artery Disease Hypertension, Atherosclerosis Symptoms: ECG, Stress Lifestyle
Smoking, in coronary Chest Pain Testing, Changes,
Diabetes, High arteries reduces (Angina), Coronary Antiplatelets,
LDL blood flow to Fatigue, Angiography Statins, Beta-
Cholesterol, the Palpitations | Blockers,
Family History myocardium, Signs: Revascularization
, of CAD, causing ischemia Abnormal ECG,
Obesity, and infarction. Elevated
Sedentary Enzymes in MI
Lifestyle
Anticoagulation Atrial Inhibits clotting Symptoms: Not PT/INR, Anti-Xa Warfarin, DOACs,
Fibrillation, cascade to Applicable | Levels, Reversal Agents
DVT, PE, reduce Signs: Monitoring for as Needed
Mechanical thrombus Increased INR, Bleeding
Heart Valves formation. Bruising,
Bleeding
Complications
Hypertension Obesity, Increased Symptoms: BP Lifestyle
Sodium Intake, systemic Often Measurement, Modifications,
Alcohol Use, vascular Asymptomatic BMP, Urinalysis ACE Inhibitors,
Smoking, resistance due | Signs: ARBs, Calcium
Sedentary to arterial Elevated BP, Channel
Lifestyle, stiffness or Retinal Blockers,
Family History, heightened Changes, LV Diuretics
Age > 50 sympathetic Hypertrophy
activity.
Infectious Endocarditis Valvular Infection of the Symptoms: Blood Cultures, IV Antibiotics,
Disease, IV endocardium Fever, Fatigue, Echocardiogram Valve Surgery in
Drug Use, leads to New/Changing (TEE), CBC, Severe Cases
Recent Dental vegetation Murmur, Osler ESR/CRP
Procedures formation and Nodes,
embolic events. Janeway
Lesions | Signs:
Abnormal
Vegetations on
Echo
Dermatological
Clinical
Manifestations
Diagnosis Risk Factors Pathophysiology Diagnostics Treatment
(Symptoms &
Signs)
Psoriasis Family History, Chronic Symptoms: Clinical Topical
Stress, Obesity, autoimmune Itchy, Scaly Examination, Corticosteroids,
Smoking, Infections condition with Skin Patches, Skin Biopsy, Vitamin D
(e.g., Streptococcal), hyperproliferation Joint Pain (in Rule Out Analogues,
Certain Medications of keratinocytes Psoriatic Fungal Systemic
and Arthritis) | Infections Therapies,
inflammation. Signs: Silvery Phototherapy
Scales, Auspitz
Sign
Tinea Corporis Contact with Fungal infection Symptoms: KOH Prep of Topical
Infected Individuals, of keratinized Itchy, Annular Skin Antifungals, Oral
Warm/Humid tissues caused by Lesions with Scraping, Antifungals for
Environments, dermatophytes. Central Fungal Extensive
Immunosuppression, Clearing | Culture Disease
Poor Hygiene Signs: Red,
Scaly Borders,
Expanding
Ring-like
Appearance
Scabies Close Contact with Infestation by Symptoms: Clinical Topical
Infested Individuals, Sarcoptes scabiei Severe Itching, Diagnosis, Permethrin, Oral
Crowded Living mite causing Especially at Skin Ivermectin,
Conditions hypersensitivity Night | Signs: Scrapings for Wash Bedding
, and intense Burrows in Mites or and Clothes
itching. Interdigital Eggs
Spaces, Wrists,
Elbows,
Genitals
Herpes Zoster Age > 50, Reactivation of Symptoms: Clinical Antiviral
Immunosuppression, Varicella-Zoster Burning Pain, Diagnosis, Therapy, Pain
Previous Varicella Virus from dorsal Tingling Before PCR Testing Management,
Infection root ganglia, Rash | Signs: for VZV Postherpetic
leading to Vesicular Rash Neuralgia
vesicular rash. in Dermatomal Treatment
Pattern,
Postherpetic
Neuralgia
Dermal Cyst Trauma, Blocked Blockage of Symptoms: Clinical Incision and
Hair Follicles, sebaceous glands Painless Lump Diagnosis, Drainage,
Genetic or epidermal cell | Signs: Ultrasound Surgical Excision
Predisposition proliferation leads Mobile, Firm or Biopsy if for Recurrent
to sac-like cyst Nodule Suspicious Cysts
formation. Beneath Skin,
Inflammation if
Infected
Keloid Wound Healing, Excessive Symptoms: Clinical Intralesional
Genetic fibroblast Raised Scar, Examination, Corticosteroids,
Predisposition, proliferation and Itching, Rule Out Silicone Gel
Darker Skin Types, collagen Discomfort | Hypertrophic Sheets, Surgical
Ear Piercings, Burns deposition during Signs: Firm, Scar Excision
wound healing. Shiny,
Overgrown
Scar Tissue
Beyond Wound
Margins
Tinea Capitis Contact with Fungal infection Symptoms: KOH Prep of Oral Antifungals,
Infected Individuals of the scalp and Scaly Patches Hair Selenium Sulfide
or Animals, Poor hair follicles by on Scalp, Hair Samples, Shampoo
Hygiene, Crowded Trichophyton or Loss, Itching | Fungal
Living Conditions Microsporum Signs: Black Culture
species. Dots, Kerion
Atopic Dermatitis Family History of Chronic Symptoms: Clinical Topical Steroids,
Atopy, Dry Skin, inflammatory skin Itchy, Dry Skin, Diagnosis, Emollients,
Irritants (e.g., Soaps, condition due to Flare-Ups | Allergy Antihistamines,
Detergents), Climate genetic and Signs: Testing in Dupilumab for
immune Erythematous Severe Cases Severe Cases
dysregulation. Patches,
Lichenification,
Flexural
Distribution
Urticaria Allergic Reactions, Histamine release Symptoms: Clinical Antihistamines,
Infections, Stress, from mast cells Itchy Wheals, Diagnosis, Corticosteroids
Physical Triggers causes localized Angioedema | Allergy for Severe Cases
(e.g., Heat, Cold, swelling and Signs: Testing if
Pressure) erythema. Transient Red Suspected
or White
Raised Lesions
