D027 Preview Questions and 100% Correct
Answers
Serum K normal range
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
What can cause edema?
Increased lymphatic pressure
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells of organ or tissue
hypertrophy definition
increase in cell size
What hormone regulates sodium balance?
aldosterone
metabolic acidosis
pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 22
What disease has skip lesions?
Crohn's disease
Diuretic medications common
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-orally
Furosemide-lasix
Beta Blockers MOA
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors
,Beta blocker medicines
-lol ending
beta blockers adverse effects
Bradycardia, hypotension, atrioventricular block
Dizziness
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors moa
lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to
angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
Vessels relax
ACE inhibitors
"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium and fluid
loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
,ACE inhibitors pregnancy
discontinue-can cause death in 2nd and 3rd trimester
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) definition
Lower blood pressure by blocking the angiotensin II enzyme from causing vasoconstriction
ARB medications
-sartan (losartan)
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
Kidney damage, hypokalcemia, low BP
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA
Ca2+ - maintains smooth muscle tone and myocardial contraction
Blockage causes vascular smooth muscular relaxation and arteriolar dilation - leading to
decreased BP
Calcium channel blocker medications
-dipine
Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Amlodipine
CCB adverse effects
Peripheral edema, flushing, palpitations, headache
Pulmonary edema, rebound tachycardia, bradycardia, skin rash
Alpha blockers
-zosin
Relaxes muscle tone of vascular walls
alpha blockers adverse effects
, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, edema, chest pain
alpha 1 agonist
"Phrine"
Fight or flight
Increased HR and BP
Alpha 2 agonists
-ezole
Increased HR, insomnia
beta 1 agonist
-amine
Dobutamine
Cardeiogenic shock
Beta 2 agonists
-terol
Albuterol
Asthma and COPD
Increases HR, restlessness
Becker muscular dystrophy
similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that gradually makes muscles
weaker and smaller
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb
muscles
Answers
Serum K normal range
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
What can cause edema?
Increased lymphatic pressure
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells of organ or tissue
hypertrophy definition
increase in cell size
What hormone regulates sodium balance?
aldosterone
metabolic acidosis
pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 22
What disease has skip lesions?
Crohn's disease
Diuretic medications common
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-orally
Furosemide-lasix
Beta Blockers MOA
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors
,Beta blocker medicines
-lol ending
beta blockers adverse effects
Bradycardia, hypotension, atrioventricular block
Dizziness
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors moa
lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an inactive enzyme) to
angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
Vessels relax
ACE inhibitors
"PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril
Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased Aldosterone secretions, Sodium and fluid
loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
Dry cough, hyperkalemia
,ACE inhibitors pregnancy
discontinue-can cause death in 2nd and 3rd trimester
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) definition
Lower blood pressure by blocking the angiotensin II enzyme from causing vasoconstriction
ARB medications
-sartan (losartan)
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
Kidney damage, hypokalcemia, low BP
Calcium Channel Blockers MOA
Ca2+ - maintains smooth muscle tone and myocardial contraction
Blockage causes vascular smooth muscular relaxation and arteriolar dilation - leading to
decreased BP
Calcium channel blocker medications
-dipine
Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Amlodipine
CCB adverse effects
Peripheral edema, flushing, palpitations, headache
Pulmonary edema, rebound tachycardia, bradycardia, skin rash
Alpha blockers
-zosin
Relaxes muscle tone of vascular walls
alpha blockers adverse effects
, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, edema, chest pain
alpha 1 agonist
"Phrine"
Fight or flight
Increased HR and BP
Alpha 2 agonists
-ezole
Increased HR, insomnia
beta 1 agonist
-amine
Dobutamine
Cardeiogenic shock
Beta 2 agonists
-terol
Albuterol
Asthma and COPD
Increases HR, restlessness
Becker muscular dystrophy
similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that gradually makes muscles
weaker and smaller
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb
muscles
