CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
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altruism - ANSWER-any behavior that increases the fitness of another
individual at the cost of one's own fitness
amnion - ANSWER-membrane that closely covers the embryo.
amniotic egg protects and nourished the embryo.
amniota - ANSWER-tetrapods with terrestrial adaptations. reptiles,
birds, and mammals. relatively impermeable skin and ability to use rib
cage to ventilate lungs.
amphibia - ANSWER-"two-lives." warm/moist climate. metamorphosis
— aquatic larva -> terrestrial adult. main clades: urodele (salamanders
w tails), Anura (frogs/toads no tails), Apoda (caecilians legless
fossorial animals). skin as respiratory organ. toxins in skin. use throat
to ventilate lungs.
archenteron - ANSWER-primary gut that forms during the gastrulation
of a zygote, develops into the endoderm and mesoderm of an animal.
, Archosauria - ANSWER-dinosaurs, crocodiles, birds. monophyletic
group with similar bone morphology. crocodilians - basal archosaurs.
dinosaurs- evidence of prenatal care/endothermy evolved in
dinosaurs (one of these lineages became birds)
Aves - ANSWER-birds- extant dinosaurs. birds/reptiles shared
characters = jaw bone structure (5 fused bones), scales, egg structure
(same membranes and structures including egg tooth). toothless,
hollow-boned, bipedal, streamlined, feathered, endothermic,
vertebrate w/ fast metabolism.
Bilateria - ANSWER-triploblasts. animals with bilateral symmetry.
head/tail (cephalization). separate mouth/anus. true coelom.
bivalves - ANSWER-clams, oysters, mussels, scallops. shell with 2
halves. mantle cavity contains gills used for feeding and gas exchange.
no radula. most are suspension feeders; some have tentacles and
eyes.
blastopore - ANSWER-the opening of the central cavity of an embryo
in the early stage of development.
blastula - ANSWER-hollow ball of cells during the early stage of mitotic
undifferentiated cell division.
cephalopod - ANSWER-cephalon = head. chitin-based beak-like jaws
surrounded by tentacles derived from modified foot. only mollusks
with closed circulatory system. siphon. complex eyes.
chromatophores.
choanoflagellates - ANSWER-unicellular. colonial. closest living
relatives to animals. resemble choanocytes