NURS 2873 Exam 3 (2026) UPDATE
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Correct Verified and Well Analyzed
Answers || 2026-2027 Latest
Update!!!
Normal blood pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
Normal PaO2 - ANSWER-80-100 mmHg
Normal PaCO2 - ANSWER-35-45 mmHg
Normal HCO3 - ANSWER-22-26 mEq/L
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-DKA, severe diarrhea, renal
failure, alcohol intoxication, thyroid storm
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-COPD, drug overdose,
atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, emphysema
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER-Hyperventilation, sepsis,
asthma
,Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-severe vomiting, excessive GI
suctioning, diuretics, excessive NaHCO3
Normal blood glucose levels - ANSWER-70-99 mg/dL
Signs of hypoglycemia - ANSWER-Reduced cognition, tremors,
diaphoresis, weakness, hunger, headache, irritability, seizures
Signs of hyperglycemia - ANSWER-Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
dehydration, fruity smelling breath, Kussmaul respirations, weight
loss, hunger, poor wound healing
Meds that affect glucose regulation - ANSWER-insulin, oral
hypoglycemic agents, corticosteroids, estrogen, ACE inhibitors, β-
blockers, potassium-depleting diuretics, bronchodilators,
antipsychotics, and many antibiotics.
Renal disease in diabetes - ANSWER-Significant loss of albumin in the
urine (300 mcg/dL) indicates renal damage
CRP in diabetes - ANSWER-Often elevated in diabetes
DKA - ANSWER-The combination of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and
acidosis leads to dehydration, and fluid resuscitation and insulin
therapy are required to correct this state. Other symptoms include
abdominal pain, vomiting, poor skin turgor, tachycardia, and
hypotension. Stress or illness is a frequent trigger for DKA.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome - ANSWER-
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a state
characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and dehydration
without acidosis. Occurs in older adults.
HHNS labs - ANSWER-Labs:
,BG >600-1200
Elevated serum & urine glucose
test Ketones absent
Potassium (K) normal or high
Marked increase serum
test 330-380 osmolality ---this should be 275-295!!!
Na, Cl, Mg, Po4 wnl
Cushing syndrome cause - ANSWER-Excess corticosteroid secretion
Cushing syndrome symptoms - ANSWER-hyperglycemia, elevated
blood pressure, hypokalemia, central fat distribution, dark purple
striae, ruddy facial complexion, hirsutism, weight gain, easy bruising,
and muscle weakness.
Triage - ANSWER-Means "to sort"
Basic premise of triage - ANSWER-Treating patients with a threat to
life faster than other patients
Emergency severity index (ESI) - ANSWER-5-level triage system that
incorporates concepts of illness severity and resource use (e.g.,
electrocardiogram [ECG], laboratory tests, radiology studies, IV fluids)
to determine who should be treated first. The ESI includes a triage
algorithm that directs you to assign an ESI level to patients coming
into the ED
ESI-1 - ANSWER-the stage at which a patient has a life-threatening
condition and needs immediate treatment. Should be seen by HCP
immediately.
, ESI-2 - ANSWER-The stage at which a patient needs immediate
treatment, but is not dying. Should be seen by HCP within 10 mins.
ESI-3 - ANSWER-The state at which a patient is not critically ill, but
needs several resources, must have normal vitals. Patient must be
seen by HCP within an hour
ESI-1 Examples - ANSWER-Cardiac arrest, intubated trauma patient,
overdose with bradypnea, severe respiratory distress
ESI-2 Examples - ANSWER-Chest pain from ischemia, multiple traumas
unless responsive
ESI-3 Examples - ANSWER-Abdominal pain or gynecologic disorders
unless in severe distress, hip fracture in older patient
ESI-4 - ANSWER-Stable, normal vitals, no organ or life threat. Could be
delayed when HCP sees patient. May need 1 simple diagnostic test or
procedure (sutures).
ESI-4 Examples - ANSWER-Closed extremity trauma, simple laceration,
cystitis
ESI-5 - ANSWER-Stable, normal vitals, no threat to life. HCP could be
delayed in seeing patient. Low resource, exam only, no diagnostic
tests.
ESI-5 Examples - ANSWER-Cold symptoms, minor burn, recheck (e.g.,
wound), prescription refill
Primary survey - ANSWER-focuses on airway, breathing, circulation
(ABC), disability, exposure, facilitation of adjuncts and family, and
other resuscitation aids. If uncontrolled external hemorrhage is noted,
the usual ABC assessment format may be reprioritized to <C>ABC. The
Verified Questions Merged with
Correct Verified and Well Analyzed
Answers || 2026-2027 Latest
Update!!!
Normal blood pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
Normal PaO2 - ANSWER-80-100 mmHg
Normal PaCO2 - ANSWER-35-45 mmHg
Normal HCO3 - ANSWER-22-26 mEq/L
Causes of metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-DKA, severe diarrhea, renal
failure, alcohol intoxication, thyroid storm
Causes of respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-COPD, drug overdose,
atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, emphysema
Causes of respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER-Hyperventilation, sepsis,
asthma
,Causes of metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-severe vomiting, excessive GI
suctioning, diuretics, excessive NaHCO3
Normal blood glucose levels - ANSWER-70-99 mg/dL
Signs of hypoglycemia - ANSWER-Reduced cognition, tremors,
diaphoresis, weakness, hunger, headache, irritability, seizures
Signs of hyperglycemia - ANSWER-Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia,
dehydration, fruity smelling breath, Kussmaul respirations, weight
loss, hunger, poor wound healing
Meds that affect glucose regulation - ANSWER-insulin, oral
hypoglycemic agents, corticosteroids, estrogen, ACE inhibitors, β-
blockers, potassium-depleting diuretics, bronchodilators,
antipsychotics, and many antibiotics.
Renal disease in diabetes - ANSWER-Significant loss of albumin in the
urine (300 mcg/dL) indicates renal damage
CRP in diabetes - ANSWER-Often elevated in diabetes
DKA - ANSWER-The combination of hyperglycemia, ketosis, and
acidosis leads to dehydration, and fluid resuscitation and insulin
therapy are required to correct this state. Other symptoms include
abdominal pain, vomiting, poor skin turgor, tachycardia, and
hypotension. Stress or illness is a frequent trigger for DKA.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome - ANSWER-
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a state
characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and dehydration
without acidosis. Occurs in older adults.
HHNS labs - ANSWER-Labs:
,BG >600-1200
Elevated serum & urine glucose
test Ketones absent
Potassium (K) normal or high
Marked increase serum
test 330-380 osmolality ---this should be 275-295!!!
Na, Cl, Mg, Po4 wnl
Cushing syndrome cause - ANSWER-Excess corticosteroid secretion
Cushing syndrome symptoms - ANSWER-hyperglycemia, elevated
blood pressure, hypokalemia, central fat distribution, dark purple
striae, ruddy facial complexion, hirsutism, weight gain, easy bruising,
and muscle weakness.
Triage - ANSWER-Means "to sort"
Basic premise of triage - ANSWER-Treating patients with a threat to
life faster than other patients
Emergency severity index (ESI) - ANSWER-5-level triage system that
incorporates concepts of illness severity and resource use (e.g.,
electrocardiogram [ECG], laboratory tests, radiology studies, IV fluids)
to determine who should be treated first. The ESI includes a triage
algorithm that directs you to assign an ESI level to patients coming
into the ED
ESI-1 - ANSWER-the stage at which a patient has a life-threatening
condition and needs immediate treatment. Should be seen by HCP
immediately.
, ESI-2 - ANSWER-The stage at which a patient needs immediate
treatment, but is not dying. Should be seen by HCP within 10 mins.
ESI-3 - ANSWER-The state at which a patient is not critically ill, but
needs several resources, must have normal vitals. Patient must be
seen by HCP within an hour
ESI-1 Examples - ANSWER-Cardiac arrest, intubated trauma patient,
overdose with bradypnea, severe respiratory distress
ESI-2 Examples - ANSWER-Chest pain from ischemia, multiple traumas
unless responsive
ESI-3 Examples - ANSWER-Abdominal pain or gynecologic disorders
unless in severe distress, hip fracture in older patient
ESI-4 - ANSWER-Stable, normal vitals, no organ or life threat. Could be
delayed when HCP sees patient. May need 1 simple diagnostic test or
procedure (sutures).
ESI-4 Examples - ANSWER-Closed extremity trauma, simple laceration,
cystitis
ESI-5 - ANSWER-Stable, normal vitals, no threat to life. HCP could be
delayed in seeing patient. Low resource, exam only, no diagnostic
tests.
ESI-5 Examples - ANSWER-Cold symptoms, minor burn, recheck (e.g.,
wound), prescription refill
Primary survey - ANSWER-focuses on airway, breathing, circulation
(ABC), disability, exposure, facilitation of adjuncts and family, and
other resuscitation aids. If uncontrolled external hemorrhage is noted,
the usual ABC assessment format may be reprioritized to <C>ABC. The
