ALU 201 TEST PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SET A+
✔✔What are the basic categories of thoracic aneurysms - ✔✔Fusiform-shaped
aneurysm: Bulges or balloons out on all sides of the aorta; relatively more common.
Saccular-shaped aneurysm: Bulges or balloons out only on one side.
Pseudoaneurysm (or false aneurysm): Enlargement of only the outer layer of the blood
vessel wall.
✔✔Polyposis Syndromes - ✔✔Familial Poluposis
Gardners Syndrome
Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon CA
Juvenile polyposis
Peutz-Jehger Syndrome
Treatment - polypectomy and regular screening
✔✔Familial Polyposis - ✔✔Adenomatous
Eventual CA
is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps
form mainly in the epithelium of the large intestine. While these polyps start out benign,
malignant transformation into colon cancer occurs when they are left untreated.
✔✔Gardner's Syndrome - ✔✔Adenomatous
Eventual CA
,a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, is an autosomal dominant disease
characterized by GI polyps, multiple osteomas, and skin and soft tissue tumors.
Cutaneous findings of Gardner syndrome include epidermoid cysts, desmoid tumors,
and other benign tumors.
✔✔Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon CA - ✔✔Adenomatous
CA
AKA Lynch Syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that has a high risk of
colon cancer as well as other cancers including endometrial cancer (second most
common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain,
and skin.
✔✔Juvenile Polyposis - ✔✔a hereditary condition identified by the presence of benign
(non-cancerous) polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the colon. Polyps
can also occur in the stomach, small intestine and rectum.
✔✔Jegher Syndrome - ✔✔(often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic
disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the
gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa
✔✔Generalized Seizures - ✔✔Grand Mal
Absence Seizures
Myoclonic
✔✔Grand Mal - ✔✔Aura before attack
Loss of consciousness
Rhythmical jerking
✔✔Absence Seizures - ✔✔Idiopathic
Attacks begin in childhood
Can occur up to 100x per day
✔✔Myoclonic - ✔✔Single or multiple brief, irregular muscle contractions of the
trunk/extremities
✔✔Adrenal Gland Disorders - ✔✔Primary Hyperaldosteronism
, Hypercortisolism
Adrenal Insufficiency
✔✔Primary Hyperaldosteronism - ✔✔Overproduction of aldosterone by glomerulosa
cells of the adrenal gland
Leads to development of HBP
✔✔Hypercortisolism - ✔✔Tumor causes the increase of cortisol
✔✔Adrenal Insufficiency - ✔✔Addisons, autoimmune attacks, HIV, tuberculosis or
histoplasosis
✔✔Hemophilia A - ✔✔Caused by a factor IX deficiency
Transmitted on Y Chromosome
Also known as Christmas Disease
Females are carriers and manifests in males
✔✔What is Pre-Renal - ✔✔Cause of acute renal faile
Disorders that interfere with blood flow before it gets to the kidneys
Examples include volume depletion, congestive heart failure, advanced liver disease
✔✔Which valvular heart disease is also known as mitral insufficiency? - ✔✔Mitral
Regurgitation
Causes include abnormality with the valve aparatus
Can be due to mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis,
degeneration with age, or congenital cleft valve
✔✔Benign Intestinal Polyps - ✔✔No malignant potential
Includes Hyperplastic, Inflammatory, Juvenile
✔✔Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - ✔✔Found in liver and bile duct
Very sensitive indicator of hepatobiliary disease
SET A+
✔✔What are the basic categories of thoracic aneurysms - ✔✔Fusiform-shaped
aneurysm: Bulges or balloons out on all sides of the aorta; relatively more common.
Saccular-shaped aneurysm: Bulges or balloons out only on one side.
Pseudoaneurysm (or false aneurysm): Enlargement of only the outer layer of the blood
vessel wall.
✔✔Polyposis Syndromes - ✔✔Familial Poluposis
Gardners Syndrome
Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon CA
Juvenile polyposis
Peutz-Jehger Syndrome
Treatment - polypectomy and regular screening
✔✔Familial Polyposis - ✔✔Adenomatous
Eventual CA
is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps
form mainly in the epithelium of the large intestine. While these polyps start out benign,
malignant transformation into colon cancer occurs when they are left untreated.
✔✔Gardner's Syndrome - ✔✔Adenomatous
Eventual CA
,a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis, is an autosomal dominant disease
characterized by GI polyps, multiple osteomas, and skin and soft tissue tumors.
Cutaneous findings of Gardner syndrome include epidermoid cysts, desmoid tumors,
and other benign tumors.
✔✔Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon CA - ✔✔Adenomatous
CA
AKA Lynch Syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that has a high risk of
colon cancer as well as other cancers including endometrial cancer (second most
common), ovary, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain,
and skin.
✔✔Juvenile Polyposis - ✔✔a hereditary condition identified by the presence of benign
(non-cancerous) polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the colon. Polyps
can also occur in the stomach, small intestine and rectum.
✔✔Jegher Syndrome - ✔✔(often abbreviated PJS) is an autosomal dominant genetic
disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the
gastrointestinal tract and hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa
✔✔Generalized Seizures - ✔✔Grand Mal
Absence Seizures
Myoclonic
✔✔Grand Mal - ✔✔Aura before attack
Loss of consciousness
Rhythmical jerking
✔✔Absence Seizures - ✔✔Idiopathic
Attacks begin in childhood
Can occur up to 100x per day
✔✔Myoclonic - ✔✔Single or multiple brief, irregular muscle contractions of the
trunk/extremities
✔✔Adrenal Gland Disorders - ✔✔Primary Hyperaldosteronism
, Hypercortisolism
Adrenal Insufficiency
✔✔Primary Hyperaldosteronism - ✔✔Overproduction of aldosterone by glomerulosa
cells of the adrenal gland
Leads to development of HBP
✔✔Hypercortisolism - ✔✔Tumor causes the increase of cortisol
✔✔Adrenal Insufficiency - ✔✔Addisons, autoimmune attacks, HIV, tuberculosis or
histoplasosis
✔✔Hemophilia A - ✔✔Caused by a factor IX deficiency
Transmitted on Y Chromosome
Also known as Christmas Disease
Females are carriers and manifests in males
✔✔What is Pre-Renal - ✔✔Cause of acute renal faile
Disorders that interfere with blood flow before it gets to the kidneys
Examples include volume depletion, congestive heart failure, advanced liver disease
✔✔Which valvular heart disease is also known as mitral insufficiency? - ✔✔Mitral
Regurgitation
Causes include abnormality with the valve aparatus
Can be due to mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, infective endocarditis,
degeneration with age, or congenital cleft valve
✔✔Benign Intestinal Polyps - ✔✔No malignant potential
Includes Hyperplastic, Inflammatory, Juvenile
✔✔Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase - ✔✔Found in liver and bile duct
Very sensitive indicator of hepatobiliary disease
