NURS 120 MED SURG QUIZ 2 REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Where does normal glucose and insulin metabolize? - ANS-Produced by b-cells in
islets of Langerhans --> Released in pancreas into bloodstream in small increments
with larger amounts released after food
Normal range for glucose level? - ANS-70 to 110 mg/dL
What is insulin? - ANS-a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps body store
and use glucose
3 Ps of Diabetes - ANS-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 DM? - ANS-Type 1 DM:
Pancreas can no longer produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal glucose; an
absence of endogenous insulin
Type 2 DM:
Pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin but not enough insulin is
produced OR body does not use insulin effectivel
Clinical Manifestations of Type 1 - ANS-Onset is rapid
Initial manifestations are usually acute
3 Ps
Fatigue, weakness
Ketoacidosis (body is breaking down fat for fuel, results in buildup of acids in blood)
Clinical Manifestations of Type 2 - ANS-3 Ps
Fatigue, recurrent infections, vaginal yeast/candidal infections
Prolonged wound healing
VIsual changes
Diagnostics for DM - ANS-Hemoglobin A1C - 6.5% or ^
Fasting glucose level > than or equal to 126 mg/dL (no intake for 8 hrs)
Two hour plasma glucose level > than or equal to 200 mg/dL (For Gestational
Diabetes)
, Plasma glucose > than or equal to 200 mg/dL
A1C - ANS-Reflects glucose levels over past 120 days
Expected reference range 4-6%, acceptable range w/ DM 6.5-8%
Target Goal: < 7%
Prediabetes - ANS-^ risk for developing type 2 diabetes
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 140-199 mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG):
100-125 mg/dL
Asymptomatic but long-term damage already occuring
What is insulin? - ANS-Exogenous (injected)
Required for type 1 diabetes
Prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes who cannot manage glucose levels
Given subQ
Cannot be taken orally
What are the different types of insulin? - ANS-Rapid: Bolus
Short: Bolus
Intermediate: Basal
Long-acting: Basal
Basal vs Bolus insulin - ANS-Basal: once or twice a day
Bolus: before meals
Rapid-Acting Insulin - ANS-MEDS TO KNOW: Humalog
Clear Insulin
Onset: 10-30 min
Peak: 30 min-3hr
Duration: 3-5hr
Injected w/in 15 minutes of meal time
Short acting insulin - ANS-MEDS TO KNOW: Regular
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Where does normal glucose and insulin metabolize? - ANS-Produced by b-cells in
islets of Langerhans --> Released in pancreas into bloodstream in small increments
with larger amounts released after food
Normal range for glucose level? - ANS-70 to 110 mg/dL
What is insulin? - ANS-a hormone produced in the pancreas that helps body store
and use glucose
3 Ps of Diabetes - ANS-polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Difference between Type 1 and Type 2 DM? - ANS-Type 1 DM:
Pancreas can no longer produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal glucose; an
absence of endogenous insulin
Type 2 DM:
Pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin but not enough insulin is
produced OR body does not use insulin effectivel
Clinical Manifestations of Type 1 - ANS-Onset is rapid
Initial manifestations are usually acute
3 Ps
Fatigue, weakness
Ketoacidosis (body is breaking down fat for fuel, results in buildup of acids in blood)
Clinical Manifestations of Type 2 - ANS-3 Ps
Fatigue, recurrent infections, vaginal yeast/candidal infections
Prolonged wound healing
VIsual changes
Diagnostics for DM - ANS-Hemoglobin A1C - 6.5% or ^
Fasting glucose level > than or equal to 126 mg/dL (no intake for 8 hrs)
Two hour plasma glucose level > than or equal to 200 mg/dL (For Gestational
Diabetes)
, Plasma glucose > than or equal to 200 mg/dL
A1C - ANS-Reflects glucose levels over past 120 days
Expected reference range 4-6%, acceptable range w/ DM 6.5-8%
Target Goal: < 7%
Prediabetes - ANS-^ risk for developing type 2 diabetes
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT): 140-199 mg/dL
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG):
100-125 mg/dL
Asymptomatic but long-term damage already occuring
What is insulin? - ANS-Exogenous (injected)
Required for type 1 diabetes
Prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes who cannot manage glucose levels
Given subQ
Cannot be taken orally
What are the different types of insulin? - ANS-Rapid: Bolus
Short: Bolus
Intermediate: Basal
Long-acting: Basal
Basal vs Bolus insulin - ANS-Basal: once or twice a day
Bolus: before meals
Rapid-Acting Insulin - ANS-MEDS TO KNOW: Humalog
Clear Insulin
Onset: 10-30 min
Peak: 30 min-3hr
Duration: 3-5hr
Injected w/in 15 minutes of meal time
Short acting insulin - ANS-MEDS TO KNOW: Regular
