GMS 5630 - Medical Histology - Test 1
Fixation fixing cells and tissues into place on the microscope slide.
Fixative agents used in light microscopy Formaldehyde and Alcohol
Fixative agents used in EM Glutaraldehyde and Osmium Tetroxide
Dehydration agents Light Microscopy Alcohol and Acetone
Dehydration agents EM Alcohol and Acetone
Infiltration and Embedding agents used for light Paraffin and Plastic
microscopy
Infiltration and Embedding agents used for EM Plastic
Which embedding agent allows for thinner sections to Plastic
be obtained from the histological slide?
Most common Light microscopy stain? Dyes (H&E)
Staining for EM Heavy Metals (Pb)
Basophilic means "base liking"
Molecules that are attracted to basic dyes with positive charges such as acidic
or negatively charged molecules.
Basophilic structures of the cell Nucleic acids
DNA, RNA, Ribosomes, RER
Basophilic structures will be what color with H&E stain? Blue
Acidophilic means? "Acid liking"
Molecules that are positively charged and attracted to the negative charge of
an acidic stain.
Acidophilic structures in the cell Proteins
Acidophilic structures will stain what color with H&E? Pink
Toluidine Blue stains what structures? Nucleic acids blue and glycogen magenta
What stain will stain collagen fibers green/blue? Masson Trichrome
, GMS 5630 - Medical Histology - Test 1
What stain will turn elastic fibers black? Verhoeff's Hematoxylin
How does PAS stain work? Periodic Acid will react with hydroxyl group on carbohydrates creating
aldehyde. Schiff interacts with the aldehyde causing the magenta color.
What molecules do not stain well with H&E? Glycogen
What type of immunofluorescence enhances the signal Indirect
of the probe?
Resolution The distance between resolvable points.
Membrane-bound organelles PM
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endosomes
SER, RER
Golgi Apparatus
Non-membrane bound organelles Cytosol
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Proteosome
What is the difference between integral and peripheral Integral proteins span the membrane at least halfway or fully (transmembrane).
proteins on the PM? Peripheral proteins are just on the surface of the PM.
What is a glycoprotein carbohydrate attached to a protein
The PM is made from what type of molecule Amphiphilic phospholipids
What are the functions of the PM - Ion and nutrient transport
- Recognition of environmental signals
- Adhesion to cells and ECM
- Endocytosis
- Secretion (exocytosis)
, GMS 5630 - Medical Histology - Test 1
What are the various types of proteins that can be Pumps, channels, receptors, linkers, enzymes, structural proteins.
found in the PM?
Structural proteins are responsible for Anchoring cells together
What types of molecules can pass through the PM via Small noncharged and hydrophobic molecules and gasses (CO2, O2)
simple diffusion?
How are carrier and channel proteins different? Carriers can go up or down the gradient while channel proteins can only go
down the gradient.
What are some types of channel proteins? Voltage gated, enzymatic, mechanical
What are the four types of carrier proteins? Uniporter
Symporter
Antiporter
Pump
What is the only cell that has no nucleus? RBC
What organelle stores DNA? Nucleus
Which part of the nucleus synthesizes RNA? Nucleolus
What are the main jobs of the mitochondria? Produce ATP via the Kreb's cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation as well as the
oxidation of fatty acids in the absence of glucose.
What type of microscopy is always Black and white? EM
What is the goal of the ETC (Electron Transport Chain)? A series of four protein complexes couple redox reactions, creating an
electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system
named oxidative phosphorylation.
3 parts of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation
The proton gradient is created by the ETC membrane Intermembrane space
proteins through their use of electrons from NADH and
FADH2. Where is the proton gradient located?
Chemiosmosis occurs where? Mitochondrial matrix
Organelles the destruct oxygen radicals such as peroxisomes
hydrogen peroxide
Fixation fixing cells and tissues into place on the microscope slide.
Fixative agents used in light microscopy Formaldehyde and Alcohol
Fixative agents used in EM Glutaraldehyde and Osmium Tetroxide
Dehydration agents Light Microscopy Alcohol and Acetone
Dehydration agents EM Alcohol and Acetone
Infiltration and Embedding agents used for light Paraffin and Plastic
microscopy
Infiltration and Embedding agents used for EM Plastic
Which embedding agent allows for thinner sections to Plastic
be obtained from the histological slide?
Most common Light microscopy stain? Dyes (H&E)
Staining for EM Heavy Metals (Pb)
Basophilic means "base liking"
Molecules that are attracted to basic dyes with positive charges such as acidic
or negatively charged molecules.
Basophilic structures of the cell Nucleic acids
DNA, RNA, Ribosomes, RER
Basophilic structures will be what color with H&E stain? Blue
Acidophilic means? "Acid liking"
Molecules that are positively charged and attracted to the negative charge of
an acidic stain.
Acidophilic structures in the cell Proteins
Acidophilic structures will stain what color with H&E? Pink
Toluidine Blue stains what structures? Nucleic acids blue and glycogen magenta
What stain will stain collagen fibers green/blue? Masson Trichrome
, GMS 5630 - Medical Histology - Test 1
What stain will turn elastic fibers black? Verhoeff's Hematoxylin
How does PAS stain work? Periodic Acid will react with hydroxyl group on carbohydrates creating
aldehyde. Schiff interacts with the aldehyde causing the magenta color.
What molecules do not stain well with H&E? Glycogen
What type of immunofluorescence enhances the signal Indirect
of the probe?
Resolution The distance between resolvable points.
Membrane-bound organelles PM
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endosomes
SER, RER
Golgi Apparatus
Non-membrane bound organelles Cytosol
Nucleolus
Centrioles
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Proteosome
What is the difference between integral and peripheral Integral proteins span the membrane at least halfway or fully (transmembrane).
proteins on the PM? Peripheral proteins are just on the surface of the PM.
What is a glycoprotein carbohydrate attached to a protein
The PM is made from what type of molecule Amphiphilic phospholipids
What are the functions of the PM - Ion and nutrient transport
- Recognition of environmental signals
- Adhesion to cells and ECM
- Endocytosis
- Secretion (exocytosis)
, GMS 5630 - Medical Histology - Test 1
What are the various types of proteins that can be Pumps, channels, receptors, linkers, enzymes, structural proteins.
found in the PM?
Structural proteins are responsible for Anchoring cells together
What types of molecules can pass through the PM via Small noncharged and hydrophobic molecules and gasses (CO2, O2)
simple diffusion?
How are carrier and channel proteins different? Carriers can go up or down the gradient while channel proteins can only go
down the gradient.
What are some types of channel proteins? Voltage gated, enzymatic, mechanical
What are the four types of carrier proteins? Uniporter
Symporter
Antiporter
Pump
What is the only cell that has no nucleus? RBC
What organelle stores DNA? Nucleus
Which part of the nucleus synthesizes RNA? Nucleolus
What are the main jobs of the mitochondria? Produce ATP via the Kreb's cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation as well as the
oxidation of fatty acids in the absence of glucose.
What type of microscopy is always Black and white? EM
What is the goal of the ETC (Electron Transport Chain)? A series of four protein complexes couple redox reactions, creating an
electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system
named oxidative phosphorylation.
3 parts of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation
The proton gradient is created by the ETC membrane Intermembrane space
proteins through their use of electrons from NADH and
FADH2. Where is the proton gradient located?
Chemiosmosis occurs where? Mitochondrial matrix
Organelles the destruct oxygen radicals such as peroxisomes
hydrogen peroxide
