BIO 201 Unit 2: Bone Tissue-ASU-
Questions and Answers All Correct.
Bone Tissue - Answer dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself, osseous tissue is a
connective tissue with a matrix hardened by minerals (calcium phosphate), make up the skeletal
system
What bones are made up of - Answer bone tissue, marrow, cartilage, periosteum
Functions of the Skeletal System - Answer support, protection, movement, blood formation,
mineral reservoir, pH balance, detoxification
Shapes of Bones - Answer long, short, flat, irregular
Structure of a Flat Bone - Answer external and internal surfaces of flat bone are composed of
compact bone
Diploe - Answer middle layer of flat bone that is spongy bone - no marrow cavity
Flat Bones - Answer most cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapula, os coxae are examples of these
types of bone
Structure of a long bone - Answer diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum, articular cartilage,
compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum, yellow marrow
Diaphysis - Answer shaft of bone, compact, contains marrow cavity (medullary cavity)
Epiphysis - Answer head of bone, spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone,
enlarged to strengthen joint and provide for attachment of tendons and ligaments
Periosteum - Answer layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the bone
Long Bones - Answer humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula,
metatarsals, phalanges are types of these bones
Short bones - Answer carpals, tarsals are examples of these types of bones
, Irregular bones - Answer Sphenoid and Ethmoid bones of the cranium, vertebrae
General Features of Bones - Answer Shaft (diaphysis), enlarged ends (epiphyses), remainder of
bone covered with periosteum
Endosteum - Answer contains cells providing bone resorption and deposition
Cells of osseous tissue - Answer osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells - Answer reside in endosteum or periosteum, multiply continuously and
differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts - Answer form organic matter of matrix and help to mineralize it in response to
stress or fractures
Osteocytes - Answer osteoblasts that have become trapped, reside in lacunae - connected to
each other via canaliculi, signal osteoclasts/osteoblasts about mechanical stresses
Osteoclasts - Answer bone-dissolving cells, develop in bone marrow by the fusion of the same
stem cells that give rise to monocytes of the blood, reside in pits call resorption bays that they
have eaten into the surface of the bone
Matrix of osseous tissue - Answer dry weight = 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic, combination
provides strength and resilience: minerals resist compression, collagen resists tension
Organic matter of osseous tissue - Answer collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and
glycoproteins
Inorganic matter - Answer 85% hydroxyapatite - crystallized calcium phophate salt, 10%
calcium carbonate, other minerals
Osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer A lack of collagen in bones is a disease called?
Role of Minerals - Answer bone softening or deformity (especially weight-bearing bones),
defective mineralization of bones can result in Rickets or Osteomalacia
Rickets - Answer disease in children from insufficient sunlight or vitamin D, dietary deficiency
in calcium or phosphate, liver or kidney disease, more severe in children because their bones
are growing
Questions and Answers All Correct.
Bone Tissue - Answer dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself, osseous tissue is a
connective tissue with a matrix hardened by minerals (calcium phosphate), make up the skeletal
system
What bones are made up of - Answer bone tissue, marrow, cartilage, periosteum
Functions of the Skeletal System - Answer support, protection, movement, blood formation,
mineral reservoir, pH balance, detoxification
Shapes of Bones - Answer long, short, flat, irregular
Structure of a Flat Bone - Answer external and internal surfaces of flat bone are composed of
compact bone
Diploe - Answer middle layer of flat bone that is spongy bone - no marrow cavity
Flat Bones - Answer most cranial bones, ribs, sternum, scapula, os coxae are examples of these
types of bone
Structure of a long bone - Answer diaphysis, epiphysis, periosteum, articular cartilage,
compact bone, spongy bone, endosteum, yellow marrow
Diaphysis - Answer shaft of bone, compact, contains marrow cavity (medullary cavity)
Epiphysis - Answer head of bone, spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone,
enlarged to strengthen joint and provide for attachment of tendons and ligaments
Periosteum - Answer layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the bone
Long Bones - Answer humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula,
metatarsals, phalanges are types of these bones
Short bones - Answer carpals, tarsals are examples of these types of bones
, Irregular bones - Answer Sphenoid and Ethmoid bones of the cranium, vertebrae
General Features of Bones - Answer Shaft (diaphysis), enlarged ends (epiphyses), remainder of
bone covered with periosteum
Endosteum - Answer contains cells providing bone resorption and deposition
Cells of osseous tissue - Answer osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells - Answer reside in endosteum or periosteum, multiply continuously and
differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts - Answer form organic matter of matrix and help to mineralize it in response to
stress or fractures
Osteocytes - Answer osteoblasts that have become trapped, reside in lacunae - connected to
each other via canaliculi, signal osteoclasts/osteoblasts about mechanical stresses
Osteoclasts - Answer bone-dissolving cells, develop in bone marrow by the fusion of the same
stem cells that give rise to monocytes of the blood, reside in pits call resorption bays that they
have eaten into the surface of the bone
Matrix of osseous tissue - Answer dry weight = 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic, combination
provides strength and resilience: minerals resist compression, collagen resists tension
Organic matter of osseous tissue - Answer collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and
glycoproteins
Inorganic matter - Answer 85% hydroxyapatite - crystallized calcium phophate salt, 10%
calcium carbonate, other minerals
Osteogenesis imperfecta - Answer A lack of collagen in bones is a disease called?
Role of Minerals - Answer bone softening or deformity (especially weight-bearing bones),
defective mineralization of bones can result in Rickets or Osteomalacia
Rickets - Answer disease in children from insufficient sunlight or vitamin D, dietary deficiency
in calcium or phosphate, liver or kidney disease, more severe in children because their bones
are growing
