BIOS 256 Exam 2 questions and answers A+ Grade
What is a nutrient?
- correct answer A substance used by the body for growth and development.
What are the major nutrients?
- correct answer Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
What are micronutrients?
- correct answer Vitamins and minerals.
How can a healthy diet be illustrated according to MyPlate guidelines?
- correct answer Half fruits and vegetables, half grains and proteins, with dairy represented as a glass of
milk.
How many essential nutrients are there?
- correct answer 45-50.
What is a calorie?
- correct answer A unit of food energy, equivalent to 1 kilocalorie.
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates and proteins yield?
- correct answer 4 calories.
How many calories per gram do lipids yield?
- correct answer 9 calories.
What are carbohydrates?
- correct answer Sugars and polysaccharides from various sources.
,What is glucose used for?
- correct answer Fuel for ATP synthesis and required by neurons and red blood cells.
What is the function of polysaccharides?
- correct answer Provide fiber in the diet.
What are the most abundant dietary lipids?
- correct answer Triglycerides or neutral fats.
What are the sources of saturated lipids?
- correct answer Animal sources, coconut oils, and hydrogenated shortenings.
What are the sources of unsaturated lipids?
- correct answer Plant sources.
What are essential fatty acids?
- correct answer Linoleic acid and linolenic acid that must be consumed in the diet.
Where is cholesterol found?
- correct answer Egg yolk, meats, organ meats, shellfish, and milk.
How much of the body's cholesterol is made by the liver?
- correct answer About 85%.
What are the functions of lipids?
- correct answer Absorb fat-soluble vitamins, serve as cellular fuel, component of myelin sheaths and
cell membranes, form adipose tissues, and serve as regulatory molecules.
What are complete proteins?
- correct answer Proteins that have all essential amino acids.
, What are the sources of complete proteins?
- correct answer Eggs, milk, fish, and meats.
What are incomplete proteins?
- correct answer Proteins that are low or lacking in one or more essential amino acids.
What are the sources of incomplete proteins?
- correct answer Legumes, nuts, and cereals.
What are the functions of proteins?
- correct answer Important structural and functional molecules in the body.
What can amino acids from proteins be used for?
- correct answer Synthesis of new molecules or burned for energy.
What factors determine the use of amino acids for energy or synthesis?
- correct answer Presence of necessary amino acids, adequate caloric intake, and nitrogen balance.
What is positive nitrogen balance?
- correct answer Proteins are built into tissues faster than they are broken down.
What is negative nitrogen balance?
- correct answer Breakdown of protein exceeds incorporation into tissues.
What are anabolic hormones?
- correct answer Hormones that promote growth and tissue repair.
What is the role of pituitary growth hormone?
- correct answer Promotes overall body growth and development.
What are sex hormones?
- correct answer Hormones that regulate sexual development and reproduction.
What is a nutrient?
- correct answer A substance used by the body for growth and development.
What are the major nutrients?
- correct answer Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
What are micronutrients?
- correct answer Vitamins and minerals.
How can a healthy diet be illustrated according to MyPlate guidelines?
- correct answer Half fruits and vegetables, half grains and proteins, with dairy represented as a glass of
milk.
How many essential nutrients are there?
- correct answer 45-50.
What is a calorie?
- correct answer A unit of food energy, equivalent to 1 kilocalorie.
How many calories per gram do carbohydrates and proteins yield?
- correct answer 4 calories.
How many calories per gram do lipids yield?
- correct answer 9 calories.
What are carbohydrates?
- correct answer Sugars and polysaccharides from various sources.
,What is glucose used for?
- correct answer Fuel for ATP synthesis and required by neurons and red blood cells.
What is the function of polysaccharides?
- correct answer Provide fiber in the diet.
What are the most abundant dietary lipids?
- correct answer Triglycerides or neutral fats.
What are the sources of saturated lipids?
- correct answer Animal sources, coconut oils, and hydrogenated shortenings.
What are the sources of unsaturated lipids?
- correct answer Plant sources.
What are essential fatty acids?
- correct answer Linoleic acid and linolenic acid that must be consumed in the diet.
Where is cholesterol found?
- correct answer Egg yolk, meats, organ meats, shellfish, and milk.
How much of the body's cholesterol is made by the liver?
- correct answer About 85%.
What are the functions of lipids?
- correct answer Absorb fat-soluble vitamins, serve as cellular fuel, component of myelin sheaths and
cell membranes, form adipose tissues, and serve as regulatory molecules.
What are complete proteins?
- correct answer Proteins that have all essential amino acids.
, What are the sources of complete proteins?
- correct answer Eggs, milk, fish, and meats.
What are incomplete proteins?
- correct answer Proteins that are low or lacking in one or more essential amino acids.
What are the sources of incomplete proteins?
- correct answer Legumes, nuts, and cereals.
What are the functions of proteins?
- correct answer Important structural and functional molecules in the body.
What can amino acids from proteins be used for?
- correct answer Synthesis of new molecules or burned for energy.
What factors determine the use of amino acids for energy or synthesis?
- correct answer Presence of necessary amino acids, adequate caloric intake, and nitrogen balance.
What is positive nitrogen balance?
- correct answer Proteins are built into tissues faster than they are broken down.
What is negative nitrogen balance?
- correct answer Breakdown of protein exceeds incorporation into tissues.
What are anabolic hormones?
- correct answer Hormones that promote growth and tissue repair.
What is the role of pituitary growth hormone?
- correct answer Promotes overall body growth and development.
What are sex hormones?
- correct answer Hormones that regulate sexual development and reproduction.
