APPLIED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR
THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE,
2ND EDITION – DLUGASCH &
STORY – PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & RATIONALES
,
,
, SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, & GENETICS
(Questions 1-60)
1. A patient with chronic anemia develops cardiac enlargement. This is an example
of which type of cellular adaptation?
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
*Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. In chronic
anemia, the heart works harder to pump oxygenated blood, causing myocardial
hypertrophy. Atrophy is a decrease in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
Metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type with another.
2. A patient with Barrett's esophagus has replacement of the normal squamous
epithelium with columnar epithelium. This is an example of:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Neoplasia
*Answer: B) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another in response to chronic irritation. In Barrett's esophagus, squamous epithelium is
replaced by columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux. Dysplasia is abnormal cell
growth. Anaplasia is loss of differentiation in cancer. Neoplasia is new growth (tumor).
THE ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE,
2ND EDITION – DLUGASCH &
STORY – PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS & RATIONALES
,
,
, SECTION 1: CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, & GENETICS
(Questions 1-60)
1. A patient with chronic anemia develops cardiac enlargement. This is an example
of which type of cellular adaptation?
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
*Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. In chronic
anemia, the heart works harder to pump oxygenated blood, causing myocardial
hypertrophy. Atrophy is a decrease in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number.
Metaplasia is the replacement of one cell type with another.
2. A patient with Barrett's esophagus has replacement of the normal squamous
epithelium with columnar epithelium. This is an example of:
A) Dysplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Anaplasia
D) Neoplasia
*Answer: B) Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another in response to chronic irritation. In Barrett's esophagus, squamous epithelium is
replaced by columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux. Dysplasia is abnormal cell
growth. Anaplasia is loss of differentiation in cancer. Neoplasia is new growth (tumor).
