SOCIOLOGY 2026 SOCIAL
STRATIFICATION AND INEQUALITY
ASSESSMENT PAPER ANSWERS VERIFIED
SUMMARY SHEET
◉ Culture Lag
Answer: Coined by William Ogburn.
When material and non-material cultures develop at different rates.
◉ Cultural Diffusion
Answer: when an aspect of culture spreads throughout a culture or
from one culture to another.
◉ William Ogburn
Answer: identified six primary functions: (1) reproduction; (2)
socialization; (3) protection; (4) regulation of sexual behavior; (5)
affection and companionship; (6) provision of social status.
◉ L'Enfant Sauvage
Answer: The Wild Child
,1970 film of the alleged true story of a feral child and his re-
socialization.
◉ Socialization
Answer: the process by which one learns to become a competent
member of a society.
◉ Primary Socialization
Answer: Socialization facilitated by those who raise us.
◉ Sigmund Freud
Answer: 1856-1939; Austrian.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes
of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego
ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud),
psychoanalysis, and transference.
◉ Freud's Theory of Personality Development
Answer: ID -> Superego -> Ego
,◉ ID
Answer: The ID develops first in a newborn, responsible for the
satisfaction of physical desires.
◉ Superego
Answer: Developing second in children, encourages conformity.
◉ Ego
Answer: The final development, usually a balance of ID and
Superego.
◉ Self
Answer: An aspect of personality that is self-aware.
◉ George Herbert Mead
Answer: "the act" develops through impulse, perception,
manipulation, and consummation
I and ME, I being own perception, and ME being social perception.
Divided the individual into the "I" and "Me". "I" represents a process
of fundamental awareness that becomes focused in different ways,
, leading to the development of the social self or "me". The focusing
was said to occur through a process of taking the role of the other,
which is how socialization occurred. Unsuccessful socialization
might lead to personal disorganization - a self lacking in integration
and consistency
◉ Mead's Theory of Social Behaviorism
Answer: Self develops from social experience
Social experience consists of communication
Understanding through "taking the role of the other"
Above results in self-awareness, with an active "I" and an objective
"me". The I initiates and the me either continues, interrupts, or
derails depending on how others respond.
◉ Charles Horton Cooley
Answer: Early Sociologist. Created The looking-glass self. Our self
image reflects how others respond to us. We only develop a self-
concept by interacting with others.
◉ Cooley's Theory of the Looking Glass Self
STRATIFICATION AND INEQUALITY
ASSESSMENT PAPER ANSWERS VERIFIED
SUMMARY SHEET
◉ Culture Lag
Answer: Coined by William Ogburn.
When material and non-material cultures develop at different rates.
◉ Cultural Diffusion
Answer: when an aspect of culture spreads throughout a culture or
from one culture to another.
◉ William Ogburn
Answer: identified six primary functions: (1) reproduction; (2)
socialization; (3) protection; (4) regulation of sexual behavior; (5)
affection and companionship; (6) provision of social status.
◉ L'Enfant Sauvage
Answer: The Wild Child
,1970 film of the alleged true story of a feral child and his re-
socialization.
◉ Socialization
Answer: the process by which one learns to become a competent
member of a society.
◉ Primary Socialization
Answer: Socialization facilitated by those who raise us.
◉ Sigmund Freud
Answer: 1856-1939; Austrian.
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes
of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego
ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud),
psychoanalysis, and transference.
◉ Freud's Theory of Personality Development
Answer: ID -> Superego -> Ego
,◉ ID
Answer: The ID develops first in a newborn, responsible for the
satisfaction of physical desires.
◉ Superego
Answer: Developing second in children, encourages conformity.
◉ Ego
Answer: The final development, usually a balance of ID and
Superego.
◉ Self
Answer: An aspect of personality that is self-aware.
◉ George Herbert Mead
Answer: "the act" develops through impulse, perception,
manipulation, and consummation
I and ME, I being own perception, and ME being social perception.
Divided the individual into the "I" and "Me". "I" represents a process
of fundamental awareness that becomes focused in different ways,
, leading to the development of the social self or "me". The focusing
was said to occur through a process of taking the role of the other,
which is how socialization occurred. Unsuccessful socialization
might lead to personal disorganization - a self lacking in integration
and consistency
◉ Mead's Theory of Social Behaviorism
Answer: Self develops from social experience
Social experience consists of communication
Understanding through "taking the role of the other"
Above results in self-awareness, with an active "I" and an objective
"me". The I initiates and the me either continues, interrupts, or
derails depending on how others respond.
◉ Charles Horton Cooley
Answer: Early Sociologist. Created The looking-glass self. Our self
image reflects how others respond to us. We only develop a self-
concept by interacting with others.
◉ Cooley's Theory of the Looking Glass Self
