NUR 257 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE
NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
A pediatric client is recovering from an anaphylactic reaction to an allergen. In the first assessment, the
client presents with a periorbital accumulation of blood, a common occurrence in children. What type of
allergic reaction presents "allergic shiners"?
type II
type I
type IV
type III - ✔✔type I
The nurse reviews laboratory results requested to track HIV. What laboratory test measures HIV RNA
levels and is the best predictor of HIV disease progression?
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
CD4/CD8
Western blot
Viral load - ✔✔Viral load
Cryptococcus meningitis is suspected in a client with HIV. Which manifestations would be consistent with
cryptococcus meningitis? Select all that apply.
Hyperreflexia
Psychomotor slowing
Vacant stare
Stiff neck
Seizures - ✔✔Stiff neck
Seizures
A client with AIDS develops pneumocystis pneumonia. The nurse would most likely expect to include
administration of which agent in the client's plan of care?
Azithromycin
Aerosolized pentamidine
TMP-SMZ
Clindamycin - ✔✔TMP-SMZ
A client is diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). What medication does the nurse anticipate
educating the client about for treatment?
Azithromycin
TMP-SMZ
Cephalexin
Garamycin - ✔✔TMP-SMZ
A client comes to the clinic to see the physician, reporting, "I think I ate something that I am allergic to."
What symptoms would be appropriate for the nurse to ask questions about?
Nasal congestion and coughing
Hives and itching
,Sneezing and runny nose
Diarrhea and abdominal cramping - ✔✔Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
A nurse is preparing to administer an antiretroviral medication to a client who is positive for HIV. The
nurse identifies the drug as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). What drug will the nurse
administer?
Lamivudine
Etravirine
Delavirdine
Nevirapine - ✔✔Lamivudine
The nurse is teaching a client with HIV how to use a male condom. The client demonstrates
understanding of the information when he makes which statements? Select all that apply.
"I can keep several condoms in my wallet in my back trouser pocket so they are readily available."
"I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom."
"I need to hold the condom by the tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on."
"I can reuse a condom two or three times when I'm having sexual intercourse."
"I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis." - ✔✔"I need to hold the condom by the
tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on."
"I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis."
I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom."
A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What would the nurse expect the
health care provider to order to determine the effectiveness of treatment?
ELISA with Western blot test
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
E-rosette immunofluorescence
quantification of T-lymphocytes - ✔✔quantification of T-lymphocytes
The nurse is preparing to administer the recommended dose of intravenous gamma-globulin for a 60-kg
male client. How many grams will the nurse administer?
30 g
90 g
15 g
60 g - ✔✔30 g
A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days
after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives.
What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring?
Anaphylactic reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity response
Sensitization
An immediate hypersensitivity response - ✔✔Delayed hypersensitivity response
The nurse's plan of care for a client with stage 3 HIV addresses the diagnosis of Risk for Impaired Skin
Integrity Related to candidiasis. What nursing intervention best addresses this risk?
Applying skin emollients as needed
Providing thorough oral care before and after meals
,Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Promoting nutrition and adequate fluid intake - ✔✔Providing thorough oral care before and after meals
A treatment option for severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) includes
IV immunoglobulin.
chemotherapy.
vitamin D supplements.
a stem cell transplant. - ✔✔a stem cell transplant
Which term defines the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response?
Viral clearance rate
Window period
Primary infection stage
Viral set point - ✔✔Viral set point
A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe
complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus?
fatigue
blindness
hearing impairment
diarrhea - ✔✔blindness
Which of the following is a lack of one or more of the five immunoglobulins?
Agammaglobulinemia
Panhypoglobulinemia
Telangiectasia
Hypogammaglobulinemia - ✔✔Hypogammaglobulinemia
A patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is extremely fatigued and not feeling well.
What lab test does the nurse anticipate the patient will have to detect a common development related
to the disease?
B12 level
Glucose level
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - ✔✔B12 level
The nurse is preparing to infuse gamma-globulin intravenously (IV). When administering this drug, the
nurse knows the speed of the infusion should not exceed what rate?
3 mL/min
10 mL/min
6 mL/min
1.5 mL/min - ✔✔3 mL/min
A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The health care provider wants to perform a
diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test should the nurse prepare the client for?
Complete chemistry panel
T-and C-cell assays
Plasmapheresis
, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ✔✔Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune
disorders?
Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months
Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause
Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
Absence of a triggering event - ✔✔Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T
lymphocyte count?
Between 200 to 350/mm3
Less than 200/mm3
Greater than 500/mm3
Between 350 to 499/mm3 - ✔✔Greater than 500/mm3
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the morning, the
client tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently "coughed up some blood." What is
the nurse's most appropriate action?
Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
Perform oral suctioning to reduce the client's risk for aspiration.
Review the client's most recent viral load and CD4+ count.
Assess the client for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma. - ✔✔Place the client on
respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
A client is diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD). For which additional conditions
will the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia gravis - ✔✔Thyroid disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following would the
nurse include as being the most successful?
Use of granulocyte transfusions
Gene therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - ✔✔Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The client's CD4+ cell count
is 200/mm³, and the client has been diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate
to the nurse?
The client's CD4+ cell count has decreased due to the pneumocystis pneumonia.
The client has advanced HIV infection.
NURSING EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
A pediatric client is recovering from an anaphylactic reaction to an allergen. In the first assessment, the
client presents with a periorbital accumulation of blood, a common occurrence in children. What type of
allergic reaction presents "allergic shiners"?
type II
type I
type IV
type III - ✔✔type I
The nurse reviews laboratory results requested to track HIV. What laboratory test measures HIV RNA
levels and is the best predictor of HIV disease progression?
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
CD4/CD8
Western blot
Viral load - ✔✔Viral load
Cryptococcus meningitis is suspected in a client with HIV. Which manifestations would be consistent with
cryptococcus meningitis? Select all that apply.
Hyperreflexia
Psychomotor slowing
Vacant stare
Stiff neck
Seizures - ✔✔Stiff neck
Seizures
A client with AIDS develops pneumocystis pneumonia. The nurse would most likely expect to include
administration of which agent in the client's plan of care?
Azithromycin
Aerosolized pentamidine
TMP-SMZ
Clindamycin - ✔✔TMP-SMZ
A client is diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). What medication does the nurse anticipate
educating the client about for treatment?
Azithromycin
TMP-SMZ
Cephalexin
Garamycin - ✔✔TMP-SMZ
A client comes to the clinic to see the physician, reporting, "I think I ate something that I am allergic to."
What symptoms would be appropriate for the nurse to ask questions about?
Nasal congestion and coughing
Hives and itching
,Sneezing and runny nose
Diarrhea and abdominal cramping - ✔✔Diarrhea and abdominal cramping
A nurse is preparing to administer an antiretroviral medication to a client who is positive for HIV. The
nurse identifies the drug as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). What drug will the nurse
administer?
Lamivudine
Etravirine
Delavirdine
Nevirapine - ✔✔Lamivudine
The nurse is teaching a client with HIV how to use a male condom. The client demonstrates
understanding of the information when he makes which statements? Select all that apply.
"I can keep several condoms in my wallet in my back trouser pocket so they are readily available."
"I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom."
"I need to hold the condom by the tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on."
"I can reuse a condom two or three times when I'm having sexual intercourse."
"I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis." - ✔✔"I need to hold the condom by the
tip to squeeze out the air before putting it on."
"I should unroll the condom all the way over my erect penis."
I should avoid using baby oil or petroleum jelly with a condom."
A nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What would the nurse expect the
health care provider to order to determine the effectiveness of treatment?
ELISA with Western blot test
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
E-rosette immunofluorescence
quantification of T-lymphocytes - ✔✔quantification of T-lymphocytes
The nurse is preparing to administer the recommended dose of intravenous gamma-globulin for a 60-kg
male client. How many grams will the nurse administer?
30 g
90 g
15 g
60 g - ✔✔30 g
A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days
after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives.
What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring?
Anaphylactic reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity response
Sensitization
An immediate hypersensitivity response - ✔✔Delayed hypersensitivity response
The nurse's plan of care for a client with stage 3 HIV addresses the diagnosis of Risk for Impaired Skin
Integrity Related to candidiasis. What nursing intervention best addresses this risk?
Applying skin emollients as needed
Providing thorough oral care before and after meals
,Administering prophylactic antibiotics
Promoting nutrition and adequate fluid intake - ✔✔Providing thorough oral care before and after meals
A treatment option for severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) includes
IV immunoglobulin.
chemotherapy.
vitamin D supplements.
a stem cell transplant. - ✔✔a stem cell transplant
Which term defines the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response?
Viral clearance rate
Window period
Primary infection stage
Viral set point - ✔✔Viral set point
A client with AIDS has been tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV) with positive titers. What severe
complication should the nurse be alert for with cytomegalovirus?
fatigue
blindness
hearing impairment
diarrhea - ✔✔blindness
Which of the following is a lack of one or more of the five immunoglobulins?
Agammaglobulinemia
Panhypoglobulinemia
Telangiectasia
Hypogammaglobulinemia - ✔✔Hypogammaglobulinemia
A patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is extremely fatigued and not feeling well.
What lab test does the nurse anticipate the patient will have to detect a common development related
to the disease?
B12 level
Glucose level
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - ✔✔B12 level
The nurse is preparing to infuse gamma-globulin intravenously (IV). When administering this drug, the
nurse knows the speed of the infusion should not exceed what rate?
3 mL/min
10 mL/min
6 mL/min
1.5 mL/min - ✔✔3 mL/min
A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The health care provider wants to perform a
diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test should the nurse prepare the client for?
Complete chemistry panel
T-and C-cell assays
Plasmapheresis
, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - ✔✔Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
The nurse is caring for a client with an autoimmune disease. What is a characteristic of autoimmune
disorders?
Affects only older adults and infants less than 3 months
Profound fatigue with no identifiable cause
Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
Absence of a triggering event - ✔✔Progressive tissue damage without any verifiable etiology
The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). The nurse notes that the client is classified as HIV asymptomatic based on which CD4+ T
lymphocyte count?
Between 200 to 350/mm3
Less than 200/mm3
Greater than 500/mm3
Between 350 to 499/mm3 - ✔✔Greater than 500/mm3
The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of AIDS. In the morning, the
client tells the nurse that he experienced night sweats and recently "coughed up some blood." What is
the nurse's most appropriate action?
Place the client on respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
Perform oral suctioning to reduce the client's risk for aspiration.
Review the client's most recent viral load and CD4+ count.
Assess the client for additional signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma. - ✔✔Place the client on
respiratory isolation and inform the physician.
A client is diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD). For which additional conditions
will the nurse assess this client? Select all that apply.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Multiple sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thyroid disease
Myasthenia gravis - ✔✔Thyroid disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease
When describing the effects of treatment for phagocytic cell disorders, which of the following would the
nurse include as being the most successful?
Use of granulocyte transfusions
Gene therapy
Antibiotic therapy
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - ✔✔Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
The nurse is gathering data from laboratory studies for a client who has HIV. The client's CD4+ cell count
is 200/mm³, and the client has been diagnosed with pneumocystis pneumonia. What does this indicate
to the nurse?
The client's CD4+ cell count has decreased due to the pneumocystis pneumonia.
The client has advanced HIV infection.
