APHY 201 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
How is autocrine regulation best described? - Answers - chemical regulators affect the
same cells that produce them
What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types? -
Answers - Differentiation
Body water is "compartmentalized". Find the false statement below, if any, concerning
body fluid compartmentalization: - Answers - Blood plasma accounts for about 80% of
the extracellular fluid.
What term is used to describe the steady-state value for any variable that the body
attempts to maintain? - Answers - set point
Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism? - Answers
- After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase.
A man takes a week-long vacation to the Rocky Mountains. During the first few days, he
experiences altitude sickness, due to O2 deficiency (nausea, headache,
breathlessness). After that he feels fine, due to his body's production of more red blood
cells to carry O2 to his cells. When he returns home, as the extra RBCs become worn
out and are removed from his blood, his body returns to its normal number of RBCs and
does not replace the extra ones. This is an example of, - Answers - Acclimatization
Which of the following is an example of an acquired reflex? - Answers - Swerving while
driving a car, to avoid hitting another car.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc? - Answers
- Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms? - Answers - To bring
about a rapid change in the body
Interleukins are immune substances secreted by certain types of lymphocytes. Once
secreted, some of them exert their effects on cells close to those that secreted them.
These interleukins are examples of ______ agents or messengers. - Answers -
Paracrine
What best describes the main determinant of the secondary structure of a protein? -
Answers - Molecular interactions along a polypeptide chain that fold various regions into
alpha helices or beta sheets
, A single genetic mutation will change a protein at what level of structure? - Answers - A
single genetic mutation could change all of these.
You're designing a new drug to treat allergies. You'd like for your therapy to be able to
dissolve through the lipid bilayers of cell membranes; therefore, ________ molecules
will make excellent drug choices. - Answers - non-polar
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning proteins: - Answers - There is no
false statement; all are true of proteins.
Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules are called -
Answers - amphipathic
Carbohydrates are stored in animal cells in the form of - Answers - glycogen
Which is the correct description of nucleic acids? - Answers - They are polymers of
subunits containing a phosphate group, a sugar, and a purine or pyrimidine base.
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. How are they different from each other? -
Answers - They have different numbers of neutrons.
Which of the following is unique to atoms of each element? - Answers - The number of
protons.
The chemical attraction between the slightly positive H end of one water molecule and
the slightly negative O end of adjacent water molecules is called a ____ bond. -
Answers - hydrogen
Why is carbonic acid considered a weak acid? - Answers - because only a portion of its
molecules dissociate in a water solution
At equilibrium, in an irreversible reaction - Answers - almost all of the reactants will have
been converted to products.
Electrons transferred along the electron transport chain can be used to form - Answers -
acetyl coenzyme A
Which of the following metabolic pathways can proceed in the absence of oxygen? -
Answers - Glycolysis
What is the term for the segments of primary RNA that are cleaved and discarded by
spliceosomes? - Answers - introns
Which best describes functions of the smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum? -
Answers - synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions
ANSWERS
How is autocrine regulation best described? - Answers - chemical regulators affect the
same cells that produce them
What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types? -
Answers - Differentiation
Body water is "compartmentalized". Find the false statement below, if any, concerning
body fluid compartmentalization: - Answers - Blood plasma accounts for about 80% of
the extracellular fluid.
What term is used to describe the steady-state value for any variable that the body
attempts to maintain? - Answers - set point
Which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism? - Answers
- After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase.
A man takes a week-long vacation to the Rocky Mountains. During the first few days, he
experiences altitude sickness, due to O2 deficiency (nausea, headache,
breathlessness). After that he feels fine, due to his body's production of more red blood
cells to carry O2 to his cells. When he returns home, as the extra RBCs become worn
out and are removed from his blood, his body returns to its normal number of RBCs and
does not replace the extra ones. This is an example of, - Answers - Acclimatization
Which of the following is an example of an acquired reflex? - Answers - Swerving while
driving a car, to avoid hitting another car.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc? - Answers
- Stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms? - Answers - To bring
about a rapid change in the body
Interleukins are immune substances secreted by certain types of lymphocytes. Once
secreted, some of them exert their effects on cells close to those that secreted them.
These interleukins are examples of ______ agents or messengers. - Answers -
Paracrine
What best describes the main determinant of the secondary structure of a protein? -
Answers - Molecular interactions along a polypeptide chain that fold various regions into
alpha helices or beta sheets
, A single genetic mutation will change a protein at what level of structure? - Answers - A
single genetic mutation could change all of these.
You're designing a new drug to treat allergies. You'd like for your therapy to be able to
dissolve through the lipid bilayers of cell membranes; therefore, ________ molecules
will make excellent drug choices. - Answers - non-polar
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning proteins: - Answers - There is no
false statement; all are true of proteins.
Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules are called -
Answers - amphipathic
Carbohydrates are stored in animal cells in the form of - Answers - glycogen
Which is the correct description of nucleic acids? - Answers - They are polymers of
subunits containing a phosphate group, a sugar, and a purine or pyrimidine base.
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. How are they different from each other? -
Answers - They have different numbers of neutrons.
Which of the following is unique to atoms of each element? - Answers - The number of
protons.
The chemical attraction between the slightly positive H end of one water molecule and
the slightly negative O end of adjacent water molecules is called a ____ bond. -
Answers - hydrogen
Why is carbonic acid considered a weak acid? - Answers - because only a portion of its
molecules dissociate in a water solution
At equilibrium, in an irreversible reaction - Answers - almost all of the reactants will have
been converted to products.
Electrons transferred along the electron transport chain can be used to form - Answers -
acetyl coenzyme A
Which of the following metabolic pathways can proceed in the absence of oxygen? -
Answers - Glycolysis
What is the term for the segments of primary RNA that are cleaved and discarded by
spliceosomes? - Answers - introns
Which best describes functions of the smooth (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum? -
Answers - synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions
