APHY 201 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Physiology - Answers - how things work
Pathophysiology - Answers - how something goes wrong
List of body organization from Biggest to Smallest - Answers - Organ system
Organ
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Atoms
4 major cell/tissue types - Answers - muscle, neuron, epithelial, connective
Muscle tissue - Answers - comprising smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle; can be
under voluntary or involuntary control
Neuron tissue - Answers - cell in nervous system specialized to initiate, integrate, and
conduct electrical signals
Epithelial tissue - Answers - cell at surface of body or hollow organ; specialized to
secrete or absorb ions and organic molecules; with other epithelial cells
Connective tissue - Answers - major component of extracellular matrices, cartilage, and
bone
Intracellular fluid - Answers - fluids inside of cells
Extracellular fluid - Answers - Made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid
Blood plasma - Answers - Liquid portion of blood
Interstitial fluid - Answers - Fluid between and around cells
Homeostasis - Answers - relatively stable condition of internal environment that results
from regulatory system actions
Dynamic constancy - Answers - a way of describing homeostasis that includes the idea
that a variable such as blood glucose may vary in the short term but is stable and
predictable when averaged over the long term
, Negative feedback - Answers - characteristic of control systems in which system's
response opposes the original change in the system
Positive feedback - Answers - characteristic of control systems in which an initial
disturbance sets off train of events that increases the disturbance even further. ie
change perpetuates change
Atom - Answers - mallest unit of matter that has unique chemical characteristics; has no
net charge; combines with other atoms to form chemical substances
Atomic number - Answers - # of protons
Atomic mass - Answers - # of protons + neutrons
Element - Answers - Atoms that are the same joined together
Proton - Answers - Positive charge
Neutron - Answers - Neutral charge
Electron - Answers - Negative charge
Atomic nucleus - Answers - Area of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom
Ion - Answers - atom or small molecule containing unequal number of electrons and
protons and therefore carrying a net positive or negative electrical charge
4 major elements in the human body - Answers - Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and
Nitrogen
Molecule - Answers - chemical substance formed by linking atoms together
Covalent bond - Answers - chemical bond between two atoms in which each atom
shares one of its electrons with the other
Polar covalent bond - Answers - covalent bond in which two electrons are shared
unequally between two atoms of different electronegativities; atom to which the
electrons are drawn becomes slightly negative, while other atom becomes slightly
positive; also called polar bond
Polar molecule - Answers - pertaining to molecule or region of molecule containing polar
covalent bonds or ionized groups; part of molecule to which electrons are drawn
becomes slightly negative, and region from which electrons are drawn becomes slightly
positive; molecule is soluble in water
ANSWERS
Physiology - Answers - how things work
Pathophysiology - Answers - how something goes wrong
List of body organization from Biggest to Smallest - Answers - Organ system
Organ
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Atoms
4 major cell/tissue types - Answers - muscle, neuron, epithelial, connective
Muscle tissue - Answers - comprising smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle; can be
under voluntary or involuntary control
Neuron tissue - Answers - cell in nervous system specialized to initiate, integrate, and
conduct electrical signals
Epithelial tissue - Answers - cell at surface of body or hollow organ; specialized to
secrete or absorb ions and organic molecules; with other epithelial cells
Connective tissue - Answers - major component of extracellular matrices, cartilage, and
bone
Intracellular fluid - Answers - fluids inside of cells
Extracellular fluid - Answers - Made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid
Blood plasma - Answers - Liquid portion of blood
Interstitial fluid - Answers - Fluid between and around cells
Homeostasis - Answers - relatively stable condition of internal environment that results
from regulatory system actions
Dynamic constancy - Answers - a way of describing homeostasis that includes the idea
that a variable such as blood glucose may vary in the short term but is stable and
predictable when averaged over the long term
, Negative feedback - Answers - characteristic of control systems in which system's
response opposes the original change in the system
Positive feedback - Answers - characteristic of control systems in which an initial
disturbance sets off train of events that increases the disturbance even further. ie
change perpetuates change
Atom - Answers - mallest unit of matter that has unique chemical characteristics; has no
net charge; combines with other atoms to form chemical substances
Atomic number - Answers - # of protons
Atomic mass - Answers - # of protons + neutrons
Element - Answers - Atoms that are the same joined together
Proton - Answers - Positive charge
Neutron - Answers - Neutral charge
Electron - Answers - Negative charge
Atomic nucleus - Answers - Area of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom
Ion - Answers - atom or small molecule containing unequal number of electrons and
protons and therefore carrying a net positive or negative electrical charge
4 major elements in the human body - Answers - Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and
Nitrogen
Molecule - Answers - chemical substance formed by linking atoms together
Covalent bond - Answers - chemical bond between two atoms in which each atom
shares one of its electrons with the other
Polar covalent bond - Answers - covalent bond in which two electrons are shared
unequally between two atoms of different electronegativities; atom to which the
electrons are drawn becomes slightly negative, while other atom becomes slightly
positive; also called polar bond
Polar molecule - Answers - pertaining to molecule or region of molecule containing polar
covalent bonds or ionized groups; part of molecule to which electrons are drawn
becomes slightly negative, and region from which electrons are drawn becomes slightly
positive; molecule is soluble in water
