1|Page
BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM AND PRACTICE 2026/2027 EXAM
VERIFIED 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE PASS!!!
What are the proprioceptors in skeletal muscles that are
responsible for monitoring changes in the length of the muscles
in stretch reflexes? - ANSWER-muscle spindles
These are located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle -
ANSWER-tendon organs
These neurons conduct impulses from somatic receptors into
the brain or spinal cord - ANSWER-First-order neruons
These neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem and
spinal cord to the thalamus - ANSWER-second-order neurons
These neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the
primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side -
ANSWER-third-order neurons
Nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious
proprioception from the limbs, trunk, neck,, and posterior head
,2|Page
ascend to the cerebral cortex along the
__________________________ pathway - ANSWER-posterior
column-medial lemniscus
Nerve impulses fro pain, temperature, itch, and tickles ascend
to the cerebral cortex along the ________________________
pathway - ANSWER-anterolateral
Nerve impulses for most somatic sensation from the face, nasal
cavity, oral cavity etc, ascend tot he cerebral cortex along the
______________________ pathway - ANSWER-
trigeminothalamic
The axons of the second order neurons cross tot he opposite
side of the pons and medulla and then ascend as the
____________________________ tract - ANSWER-
trigeminothalamic
Where is the primary somatosensory area located ? - ANSWER-
the postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex
These motor pathways provide input to lower motor neurons
from axons that extend directly from the cerebral cortex -
ANSWER-direct motor pathways
,3|Page
Where is the primary motor area located ? - ANSWER-
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
What are these the functions of ?
-play large role in initiation and termination of movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- influences muscle tone
-influences many aspects of cortical function - ANSWER-Basal
Nuclei
What part of the CNS has these functions?
- monitoring intention for movements
-monitoring actual movement
- comparing command signals with sensory information
- sending out corrective feedback - ANSWER-the cerebellum
, 4|Page
What are the integrative functions of the cerebrum? - ANSWER-
cerebral activities (sleep & wakefulness), learning, memory,
emotional response
For arousal to occur
____________________________________ must be
stimulated - ANSWER-reticular activating system
What is the deepest stage of REM sleep? - ANSWER-stage 4
What are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway? -
ANSWER-olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory cilia extend from the dendrites and are sites of
________________________________ - ANSWER-olfactory
transduction
These olfactory epithelium cells provide physical support,
nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals
once in the olfactory epithelium - ANSWER-Supporting cells
BIOL 235 MIDTERM EXAM AND PRACTICE 2026/2027 EXAM
VERIFIED 180 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||SURE PASS!!!
What are the proprioceptors in skeletal muscles that are
responsible for monitoring changes in the length of the muscles
in stretch reflexes? - ANSWER-muscle spindles
These are located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle -
ANSWER-tendon organs
These neurons conduct impulses from somatic receptors into
the brain or spinal cord - ANSWER-First-order neruons
These neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem and
spinal cord to the thalamus - ANSWER-second-order neurons
These neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the
primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side -
ANSWER-third-order neurons
Nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious
proprioception from the limbs, trunk, neck,, and posterior head
,2|Page
ascend to the cerebral cortex along the
__________________________ pathway - ANSWER-posterior
column-medial lemniscus
Nerve impulses fro pain, temperature, itch, and tickles ascend
to the cerebral cortex along the ________________________
pathway - ANSWER-anterolateral
Nerve impulses for most somatic sensation from the face, nasal
cavity, oral cavity etc, ascend tot he cerebral cortex along the
______________________ pathway - ANSWER-
trigeminothalamic
The axons of the second order neurons cross tot he opposite
side of the pons and medulla and then ascend as the
____________________________ tract - ANSWER-
trigeminothalamic
Where is the primary somatosensory area located ? - ANSWER-
the postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex
These motor pathways provide input to lower motor neurons
from axons that extend directly from the cerebral cortex -
ANSWER-direct motor pathways
,3|Page
Where is the primary motor area located ? - ANSWER-
precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
What are these the functions of ?
-play large role in initiation and termination of movements
- suppress unwanted movements
- influences muscle tone
-influences many aspects of cortical function - ANSWER-Basal
Nuclei
What part of the CNS has these functions?
- monitoring intention for movements
-monitoring actual movement
- comparing command signals with sensory information
- sending out corrective feedback - ANSWER-the cerebellum
, 4|Page
What are the integrative functions of the cerebrum? - ANSWER-
cerebral activities (sleep & wakefulness), learning, memory,
emotional response
For arousal to occur
____________________________________ must be
stimulated - ANSWER-reticular activating system
What is the deepest stage of REM sleep? - ANSWER-stage 4
What are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway? -
ANSWER-olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory cilia extend from the dendrites and are sites of
________________________________ - ANSWER-olfactory
transduction
These olfactory epithelium cells provide physical support,
nourishment, electrical insulation, and help detoxify chemicals
once in the olfactory epithelium - ANSWER-Supporting cells
