WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA
EXAM LATEST COMPLETE ACTUAL
REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
NEWEST UPDATED VERSION |ALREADY
GRADED A+ (REVISED EXAM)
1. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis?
Answer: Retain H⁺ and excrete HCO₃⁻.
2. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium.
3. West Nile Virus
Answer: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms include high fever, headache, and stiff neck.
4. Lyme disease
Answer: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
5. Erythema infectiosum
Answer: A febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks ("fifth disease").
6. Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Answer: Spina bifida.
,7. Trousseau's sign
Answer: Arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia.
8. Cause and sign of spina bifida.
Answer: Results from failure of the neural tube to close; sign—fluid-
filled sac on the lower back.
9. Hemophilia is more common in _____.
Answer: Males.
10. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes _____.
Answer: Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with Prenatal
Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE), decreased brain function, and Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
11. Connective vs. muscle tissue disorders.
Answer:
• Connective tissue disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
scleroderma, lupus.
• Muscle disorders: Multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular
dystrophy, myasthenia gravis.
12. Describe lupus.
Answer: An inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and a
butterfly (malar) rash.
13. Describe myasthenia gravis.
Answer: An autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack
acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing
skeletal muscle weakness that worsens throughout the day, ptosis,
diplopia (double vision), and difficulty swallowing.
14. What is dermatitis?
Answer: Inflammation of the skin.
,15. What is eczema?
Answer: A noninfectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by
redness, blisters, scabs, and itching.
16. What is a decubitus ulcer?
Answer: A pressure sore caused by prolonged pressure from lying or
sitting in one position for extended periods.
17. Describe fungal infections.
Answer: Superficial localized skin infections or deep tissue infections
caused by fungi, often acquired through exposure to fungal spores. Some
fungal infections are transmissible, while others are not.
18. What is a benign neoplasm?
Answer: A noncancerous growth that remains localized, grows slowly,
and typically has distinct, well-defined borders.
19. What is a malignant neoplasm?
Answer: A cancerous growth characterized by uncontrolled cell
proliferation, irregular borders, invasion of surrounding tissues, and the
potential to metastasize (spread).
20. What is osteoporosis?
Answer: A disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and density,
often associated with aging, resulting in porous, brittle bones that
fracture easily.
21. Describe osteomalacia.
Answer: Softening of adult bones due to defective mineralization, most
commonly caused by vitamin D deficiency.
22. What is the primary cause of rickets?
Answer: Vitamin D deficiency during childhood, resulting in poor bone
mineralization and skeletal deformities.
, 23. What is osteomyelitis?
Answer: A bone infection, usually caused by bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in inflammation and bone destruction.
24. What is Paget disease of bone?
Answer: A chronic disorder characterized by excessive bone
remodeling, producing enlarged, weak, and misshapen bones.
25. What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: A chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of
synovial joints, resulting in pain, swelling, stiffness, and joint deformity.
26. What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: A degenerative joint disease caused by progressive breakdown
of articular cartilage, leading to pain and decreased joint mobility.
27. What is gout?
Answer: An inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of
monosodium urate crystals within joints due to hyperuricemia.
28. What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine
and sacroiliac joints, leading to progressive stiffness and reduced spinal
mobility.
29. What is a pathologic fracture?
Answer: A fracture occurring in a bone weakened by disease, such as
osteoporosis, infection, or cancer.
30. What is compartment syndrome?
Answer: Increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment that
compromises blood flow and can lead to tissue necrosis if untreated.
31. What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Answer: Compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing
numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand.
EXAM LATEST COMPLETE ACTUAL
REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS)
NEWEST UPDATED VERSION |ALREADY
GRADED A+ (REVISED EXAM)
1. How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis?
Answer: Retain H⁺ and excrete HCO₃⁻.
2. Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium.
3. West Nile Virus
Answer: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms include high fever, headache, and stiff neck.
4. Lyme disease
Answer: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
5. Erythema infectiosum
Answer: A febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks ("fifth disease").
6. Obesity and diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Answer: Spina bifida.
,7. Trousseau's sign
Answer: Arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia.
8. Cause and sign of spina bifida.
Answer: Results from failure of the neural tube to close; sign—fluid-
filled sac on the lower back.
9. Hemophilia is more common in _____.
Answer: Males.
10. Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes _____.
Answer: Neurodevelopmental Disorder Associated with Prenatal
Alcohol Exposure (ND-PAE), decreased brain function, and Fetal
Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
11. Connective vs. muscle tissue disorders.
Answer:
• Connective tissue disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
scleroderma, lupus.
• Muscle disorders: Multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular
dystrophy, myasthenia gravis.
12. Describe lupus.
Answer: An inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and a
butterfly (malar) rash.
13. Describe myasthenia gravis.
Answer: An autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack
acetylcholine (ACh) receptors at the neuromuscular junction, causing
skeletal muscle weakness that worsens throughout the day, ptosis,
diplopia (double vision), and difficulty swallowing.
14. What is dermatitis?
Answer: Inflammation of the skin.
,15. What is eczema?
Answer: A noninfectious inflammatory skin disease characterized by
redness, blisters, scabs, and itching.
16. What is a decubitus ulcer?
Answer: A pressure sore caused by prolonged pressure from lying or
sitting in one position for extended periods.
17. Describe fungal infections.
Answer: Superficial localized skin infections or deep tissue infections
caused by fungi, often acquired through exposure to fungal spores. Some
fungal infections are transmissible, while others are not.
18. What is a benign neoplasm?
Answer: A noncancerous growth that remains localized, grows slowly,
and typically has distinct, well-defined borders.
19. What is a malignant neoplasm?
Answer: A cancerous growth characterized by uncontrolled cell
proliferation, irregular borders, invasion of surrounding tissues, and the
potential to metastasize (spread).
20. What is osteoporosis?
Answer: A disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and density,
often associated with aging, resulting in porous, brittle bones that
fracture easily.
21. Describe osteomalacia.
Answer: Softening of adult bones due to defective mineralization, most
commonly caused by vitamin D deficiency.
22. What is the primary cause of rickets?
Answer: Vitamin D deficiency during childhood, resulting in poor bone
mineralization and skeletal deformities.
, 23. What is osteomyelitis?
Answer: A bone infection, usually caused by bacteria such as
Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in inflammation and bone destruction.
24. What is Paget disease of bone?
Answer: A chronic disorder characterized by excessive bone
remodeling, producing enlarged, weak, and misshapen bones.
25. What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Answer: A chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of
synovial joints, resulting in pain, swelling, stiffness, and joint deformity.
26. What is osteoarthritis?
Answer: A degenerative joint disease caused by progressive breakdown
of articular cartilage, leading to pain and decreased joint mobility.
27. What is gout?
Answer: An inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of
monosodium urate crystals within joints due to hyperuricemia.
28. What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Answer: A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine
and sacroiliac joints, leading to progressive stiffness and reduced spinal
mobility.
29. What is a pathologic fracture?
Answer: A fracture occurring in a bone weakened by disease, such as
osteoporosis, infection, or cancer.
30. What is compartment syndrome?
Answer: Increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment that
compromises blood flow and can lead to tissue necrosis if untreated.
31. What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Answer: Compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing
numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand.
