NR507 Final Exam 2026 / NR 507 Week 8
Exam Advanced Pathophysiology
Chamberlain
Questions and Ansẉers with
rationales 2026\2027 update
This Exam contains:
Guarantee passing score
Questions and Ansẉers
format set of multiple-choice
Expert-Verified rationales
Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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A patient has a prolonged blockage of the right coronary artery.
Which cellular change is most likely to occur in the myocardial cells
supplied by this artery?
A. Cellular atrophy
B. Cellular hypertrophy
C. Cellular dysplasia
D. Cellular necrosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Prolonged ischemia from a blocked coronary artery leads
to irreversible cell injury and necrosis (infarction) due to severe ATP
depletion and membrane damage. Atrophy is shrinkage,
hypertrophy is enlargement, and dysplasia is abnormal maturation.
A cell lacks the enzyme to break down sphingolipids. This results in
the accumulation of these substances within the cell. What is this
cellular process called?
A. Metaplasia
B. Intracellular accumulation
C. Apoptosis
D. Calcification
Answer: B
Rationale: The failure of enzymatic degradation leads to the
intracellular accumulation of substances, such as lipids (causing
conditions like Tay-Sachs disease).
,Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of
apoptosis?
A. It is a pathological process that always requires medical
intervention.
B. It involves cellular swelling and rupture of the cell membrane.
C. It is programmed cell death that does not trigger an inflammatory
response.
D. It occurs primarily in response to acute severe trauma.
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, programmed cell death
characterized by cell shrinkage, fragmentation, and phagocytosis by
macrophages without initiating inflammation. Necrosis, not
apoptosis, causes swelling and inflammation.
A patient presents with edema secondary to heart failure. Which
Starling force is the primary cause of this edema?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
C. Decreased oncotic pressure in the interstitial space
D. Increased oncotic pressure in the capillaries
Answer: B
Rationale: Heart failure causes blood to back up into the venous
system, increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure, which pushes fluid
out into the interstitial space, causing edema.
A patient with liver cirrhosis develops ascites. What is the primary
mechanism for this fluid accumulation?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
D. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Answer: C
Rationale: Cirrhosis impairs the liver's ability to synthesize albumin,
leading to decreased capillary oncotic pressure. This reduces the
, reabsorption of fluid into the capillaries, leading to ascites and
edema.
A child is diagnosed with an autosomal recessive disorder. Which
statement is true regarding the parents' genetics?
A. Both parents must be carriers of the mutated gene.
B. One parent must have the disorder.
C. Only the mother needs to carry the mutated gene.
D. It is impossible to determine the parents' genetic status.
Answer: A
Rationale: Autosomal recessive disorders require two copies of the
mutated gene. Therefore, both parents must be asymptomatic
carriers (heterozygous) to pass the gene to their child.
A patient has a genetic mutation where a codon is changed from
UAC to UAA. What type of mutation is this?
A. Missense mutation
B. Nonsense mutation
C. Frameshift mutation
D. Silent mutation
Answer: B
Rationale: A nonsense mutation changes a codon that codes for an
amino acid into a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA), resulting in
premature termination of protein synthesis.
Which phase of the cell cycle is halted during DNA damage to allow
for repair?
A. G0 phase
B. G1 phase
C. S phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The G1 checkpoint (also called the restriction point)
assesses cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity. If DNA is
Exam Advanced Pathophysiology
Chamberlain
Questions and Ansẉers with
rationales 2026\2027 update
This Exam contains:
Guarantee passing score
Questions and Ansẉers
format set of multiple-choice
Expert-Verified rationales
Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
,───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
A patient has a prolonged blockage of the right coronary artery.
Which cellular change is most likely to occur in the myocardial cells
supplied by this artery?
A. Cellular atrophy
B. Cellular hypertrophy
C. Cellular dysplasia
D. Cellular necrosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Prolonged ischemia from a blocked coronary artery leads
to irreversible cell injury and necrosis (infarction) due to severe ATP
depletion and membrane damage. Atrophy is shrinkage,
hypertrophy is enlargement, and dysplasia is abnormal maturation.
A cell lacks the enzyme to break down sphingolipids. This results in
the accumulation of these substances within the cell. What is this
cellular process called?
A. Metaplasia
B. Intracellular accumulation
C. Apoptosis
D. Calcification
Answer: B
Rationale: The failure of enzymatic degradation leads to the
intracellular accumulation of substances, such as lipids (causing
conditions like Tay-Sachs disease).
,Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of
apoptosis?
A. It is a pathological process that always requires medical
intervention.
B. It involves cellular swelling and rupture of the cell membrane.
C. It is programmed cell death that does not trigger an inflammatory
response.
D. It occurs primarily in response to acute severe trauma.
Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled, programmed cell death
characterized by cell shrinkage, fragmentation, and phagocytosis by
macrophages without initiating inflammation. Necrosis, not
apoptosis, causes swelling and inflammation.
A patient presents with edema secondary to heart failure. Which
Starling force is the primary cause of this edema?
A. Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
B. Increased hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
C. Decreased oncotic pressure in the interstitial space
D. Increased oncotic pressure in the capillaries
Answer: B
Rationale: Heart failure causes blood to back up into the venous
system, increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure, which pushes fluid
out into the interstitial space, causing edema.
A patient with liver cirrhosis develops ascites. What is the primary
mechanism for this fluid accumulation?
A. Increased capillary oncotic pressure
B. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
D. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Answer: C
Rationale: Cirrhosis impairs the liver's ability to synthesize albumin,
leading to decreased capillary oncotic pressure. This reduces the
, reabsorption of fluid into the capillaries, leading to ascites and
edema.
A child is diagnosed with an autosomal recessive disorder. Which
statement is true regarding the parents' genetics?
A. Both parents must be carriers of the mutated gene.
B. One parent must have the disorder.
C. Only the mother needs to carry the mutated gene.
D. It is impossible to determine the parents' genetic status.
Answer: A
Rationale: Autosomal recessive disorders require two copies of the
mutated gene. Therefore, both parents must be asymptomatic
carriers (heterozygous) to pass the gene to their child.
A patient has a genetic mutation where a codon is changed from
UAC to UAA. What type of mutation is this?
A. Missense mutation
B. Nonsense mutation
C. Frameshift mutation
D. Silent mutation
Answer: B
Rationale: A nonsense mutation changes a codon that codes for an
amino acid into a stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA), resulting in
premature termination of protein synthesis.
Which phase of the cell cycle is halted during DNA damage to allow
for repair?
A. G0 phase
B. G1 phase
C. S phase
D. M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: The G1 checkpoint (also called the restriction point)
assesses cell size, nutrient availability, and DNA integrity. If DNA is
