Portage Pathophysiology Exam 8 – Renal System Diseases
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. If a patient with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis does not receive
treatment for the underlying infection, what potential outcome might they
face?
An immediate improvement in kidney function.
No change in kidney function.
A poor prognosis leading to chronic kidney disease.
A complete recovery without any complications.
2. Describe the role of carbonic anhydrase in maintaining acid-base balance in
the body.
Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the conversion of CO2 and water into
carbonic acid, which helps regulate blood pH.
Carbonic anhydrase synthesizes urea from ammonia in the liver.
Carbonic anhydrase converts glucose into pyruvate during glycolysis.
Carbonic anhydrase breaks down proteins to release amino acids for
energy.
3. If a patient has a condition that impairs the function of intercalated cells, what
effect might this have on the patient's acid-base status?
The patient may develop alkalosis due to increased H+ secretion.
The patient may experience normal acid-base status.
The patient may develop hyperkalemia due to increased K+ secretion.
The patient may develop acidosis due to decreased H+ secretion.
,4. Given a patient with a pH of 6.9 and PCO2 of 52 mm, what immediate
treatment intervention would be appropriate to address respiratory acidosis?
Provide sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids immediately.
Increase fluid intake to dilute acids in the blood.
Encourage deep breathing exercises to increase CO2 elimination.
Administer supplemental oxygen and consider mechanical
ventilation if necessary.
5. Using the following blood values, determine the acid-base disorder: pH=
7.28; PCO2= 26 mm Hg; HCO3-= 14 mEq/L; Na+= 136 mEq/L; K+= 5 mEq/L; Cl-
= 100 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis from acid gain
metabolic acidosis from diarrhea
metabolic alkalosis
6. In a patient experiencing severe stress, how might sympathetic activation
affect their renal function?
It will have no effect on renal function.
It may lead to decreased renal blood flow and impaired kidney
function.
It may enhance renal blood flow and improve kidney function.
It will only affect the filtration rate without changing blood flow.
, 7. A geriatric patient is recently diagnosed with CKD Stage 3A. Which of the
following GFR range reflect this stage?
None of the other choices reflect CKD stage 3A
45-59
30-44
60-89
8. If a patient consumes a large amount of alcohol, what physiological effect
might they experience related to urine output?
Decreased urine output due to increased ADH levels
Increased water retention due to enhanced ADH action
No change in urine output
Increased urine output due to inhibited ADH release
9. Which of the following types of transplant rejections is associated with a
combination of cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity resulting from
disturbances in graft/host tolerance?
Accelerated
Chronic
Hyperacute
Acute
10. Describe the physiological effects of water intoxication on sodium levels in
the body.
Water intoxication causes an increase in sodium concentration in the
plasma.
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. If a patient with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis does not receive
treatment for the underlying infection, what potential outcome might they
face?
An immediate improvement in kidney function.
No change in kidney function.
A poor prognosis leading to chronic kidney disease.
A complete recovery without any complications.
2. Describe the role of carbonic anhydrase in maintaining acid-base balance in
the body.
Carbonic anhydrase facilitates the conversion of CO2 and water into
carbonic acid, which helps regulate blood pH.
Carbonic anhydrase synthesizes urea from ammonia in the liver.
Carbonic anhydrase converts glucose into pyruvate during glycolysis.
Carbonic anhydrase breaks down proteins to release amino acids for
energy.
3. If a patient has a condition that impairs the function of intercalated cells, what
effect might this have on the patient's acid-base status?
The patient may develop alkalosis due to increased H+ secretion.
The patient may experience normal acid-base status.
The patient may develop hyperkalemia due to increased K+ secretion.
The patient may develop acidosis due to decreased H+ secretion.
,4. Given a patient with a pH of 6.9 and PCO2 of 52 mm, what immediate
treatment intervention would be appropriate to address respiratory acidosis?
Provide sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids immediately.
Increase fluid intake to dilute acids in the blood.
Encourage deep breathing exercises to increase CO2 elimination.
Administer supplemental oxygen and consider mechanical
ventilation if necessary.
5. Using the following blood values, determine the acid-base disorder: pH=
7.28; PCO2= 26 mm Hg; HCO3-= 14 mEq/L; Na+= 136 mEq/L; K+= 5 mEq/L; Cl-
= 100 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic acidosis from acid gain
metabolic acidosis from diarrhea
metabolic alkalosis
6. In a patient experiencing severe stress, how might sympathetic activation
affect their renal function?
It will have no effect on renal function.
It may lead to decreased renal blood flow and impaired kidney
function.
It may enhance renal blood flow and improve kidney function.
It will only affect the filtration rate without changing blood flow.
, 7. A geriatric patient is recently diagnosed with CKD Stage 3A. Which of the
following GFR range reflect this stage?
None of the other choices reflect CKD stage 3A
45-59
30-44
60-89
8. If a patient consumes a large amount of alcohol, what physiological effect
might they experience related to urine output?
Decreased urine output due to increased ADH levels
Increased water retention due to enhanced ADH action
No change in urine output
Increased urine output due to inhibited ADH release
9. Which of the following types of transplant rejections is associated with a
combination of cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity resulting from
disturbances in graft/host tolerance?
Accelerated
Chronic
Hyperacute
Acute
10. Describe the physiological effects of water intoxication on sodium levels in
the body.
Water intoxication causes an increase in sodium concentration in the
plasma.
