TEST BANK NUTRITION AND ORAL HEALTH COMPREHENSIVE 3RD EDITION
,Nutrition and Oral Health Comprehensive Test Bank
Updated 2026–2027 Edition
Comprehensive Table of Contents
Part I – Introduction
• Eating 101
Part II – Major Nutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Dietary and Herbal Supplements
Part III – Relationship of Nutrition to Oral Disease
• Diet and Dental Caries
• Nutrition and Periodontal Disease
Part IV – Food Guidelines
• Choosing Foods for Health and Fitness
• Reading Labels
Part V – Food for Growth
• Nutrient Needs for Development and Maintenance of Oral Structures
• Dietary Considerations for the Life Cycle
Part VI – Nutritional Counseling
, • Eating Disorders
• Nutritional Counseling
• Nutritional Considerations for Special Population Groups
• Nutritive Value of Complementary Therapies for Oral Care
Total Coverage: 650 Comprehensive Questions
Exam Features
Multiple Choice Questions (A–D)
Clinical Scenario-Based Questions
Correct Answer
Detailed Rationale
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Clinical Pearl
High-Yield Tip
Evidence-Based Practice
Balanced and Unpredictable Answer Distribution
Coverage: Nutrition Science • Dental Hygiene • Oral Disease Prevention • Patient Counseling • Evidence-
Based Oral Healthcare
Part I – Introduction
Chapter 1 – Eating 101
Question 1
During a comprehensive oral health assessment, a 29-year-old patient reports sipping sweetened coffee
throughout the workday and frequently snacking on granola bars between meals. The patient brushes twice
daily with fluoride toothpaste, yet the examination reveals several early enamel white spot lesions.
Which recommendation should the dental professional provide first to help reduce the patient's future risk of
dental caries?
A. Reduce the frequency of sugary snacks and beverages by consuming them only during regular meals and
choosing water between meals.
B. Increase tooth brushing to after every snack while maintaining the current dietary pattern.
C. Eliminate all carbohydrate-containing foods from the diet.
,D. Replace sweetened coffee with fruit juice and continue frequent snacking.
Correct Answer
A. Reduce the frequency of sugary snacks and beverages by consuming them only during regular meals and
choosing water between meals.
Rationale
One of the most significant dietary risk factors for dental caries is the frequency of exposure to fermentable
carbohydrates. Each exposure allows cariogenic bacteria to produce acids that lower plaque pH and promote
enamel demineralization. Encouraging patients to limit sugary foods and beverages to mealtimes and choose
water between meals reduces repeated acid attacks and allows saliva sufficient time to remineralize enamel.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Increasing tooth brushing is beneficial but does not eliminate the repeated acid challenges caused by
frequent sugar consumption throughout the day.
• C: Completely eliminating carbohydrates is unnecessary and inconsistent with healthy dietary
recommendations. Patients should instead reduce added sugars and select nutrient-dense
carbohydrate sources.
• D: Fruit juice contains natural sugars and organic acids that may also contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
Clinical Pearl
When evaluating dietary habits, assess not only what patients eat but also how often they consume
fermentable carbohydrates, as eating frequency strongly influences caries risk.
High-Yield Tip
For many patients, reducing the frequency of sugar exposure has a greater impact on preventing dental caries
than simply reducing the total amount of sugar consumed.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence-based preventive dentistry recommends individualized dietary counseling that focuses on
limiting the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake, promoting water as the preferred beverage
between meals, and combining nutritional guidance with fluoride exposure and effective plaque control for
optimal caries prevention.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 2
Which dietary habit is most strongly associated with an increased risk of developing dental caries in an
otherwise healthy adult?
,A. Drinking fluoridated water throughout the day.
B. Consuming fermentable carbohydrates frequently between meals.
C. Eating fresh vegetables with lunch and dinner.
D. Drinking unsweetened milk during meals.
Correct Answer
B. Consuming fermentable carbohydrates frequently between meals.
Rationale
Frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates, such as sugary snacks and beverages, provides oral bacteria
with a continuous energy source for acid production. Repeated acid attacks lower plaque pH below the critical
level for enamel demineralization and reduce the time available for saliva to remineralize tooth structure.
Consequently, the frequency of carbohydrate exposure is a major predictor of dental caries risk.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Fluoridated water helps strengthen enamel and supports remineralization rather than increasing
caries risk.
• C: Fresh vegetables are generally low in fermentable sugars and contribute to a balanced, nutrient-rich
diet.
• D: Unsweetened milk contains calcium, phosphorus, and casein, which help support tooth
mineralization and oral health.
Clinical Pearl
Patients often focus on how much sugar they consume, but clinicians should also emphasize how often sugary
foods and drinks are consumed throughout the day.
High-Yield Tip
The Stephan Curve demonstrates that plaque pH drops rapidly after consuming fermentable carbohydrates
and may remain below the critical pH for approximately 20–30 minutes before recovering.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence supports limiting between-meal consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and replacing
sugar-sweetened beverages with water to reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve long-term oral
health.
Difficulty Level: Basic Knowledge (20%)
Question 3
,Following a comprehensive dietary assessment, a patient reports replacing carbonated soft drinks with sports
drinks because they believe sports drinks are healthier for their teeth.
Which response by the dental professional is most appropriate?
A. Sports drinks should be consumed throughout the day because they contain electrolytes.
B. Sports drinks generally pose little risk to enamel because they contain fewer sugars than soft drinks.
C. Many sports drinks contain fermentable carbohydrates and acids that may contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
D. Sports drinks should completely replace water as the primary beverage.
Correct Answer
C. Many sports drinks contain fermentable carbohydrates and acids that may contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
Rationale
Many sports drinks contain both sugars and acids that lower plaque pH and increase the risk of enamel erosion
and dental caries when consumed frequently. Unless medically indicated for prolonged, intense physical
activity, water is generally the preferred beverage for hydration and oral health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Frequent sipping prolongs acid exposure and increases the risk of enamel damage.
• B: Many sports drinks remain cariogenic and erosive despite marketing claims.
• D: Water—not sports drinks—is the preferred beverage for routine hydration.
Clinical Pearl
Patients often perceive sports drinks as healthy because of advertising. Always discuss their sugar and acid
content during dietary counseling.
High-Yield Tip
The combination of acid + sugar creates a greater challenge for enamel than either factor alone.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current preventive dentistry guidelines recommend water as the beverage of choice for daily hydration and
advise limiting acidic, sugar-containing beverages to reduce the risk of caries and dental erosion.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 4
,An older adult reports increasing difficulty chewing fresh fruits, vegetables, and lean meats after receiving
complete dentures. During the nutritional assessment, the patient admits to eating mostly soft processed
foods.
Which potential consequence is the greatest concern?
A. Increased intake of nutrient-dense foods.
B. Improved periodontal attachment.
C. Reduced nutritional quality that may negatively affect oral and systemic health.
D. Increased saliva production.
Correct Answer
C. Reduced nutritional quality that may negatively affect oral and systemic health.
Rationale
Difficulty chewing often leads patients to avoid nutrient-rich foods and rely on processed foods that are softer
but less nutritious. Over time, this may contribute to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, impaired healing,
weakened immunity, and poorer oral and systemic health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: The patient's diet is becoming less nutrient-dense, not more.
• B: Diet alone does not improve periodontal attachment.
• D: Wearing dentures does not increase salivary flow.
Clinical Pearl
Patients with dentures should receive nutritional counseling to ensure they continue consuming a balanced
diet despite chewing challenges.
High-Yield Tip
Chewing ability directly influences food selection and overall nutritional status.
Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence supports providing dietary counseling for denture wearers to help maintain adequate nutrient intake
and improve long-term health outcomes.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Analysis (20%)
Question 5
Based on current preventive nutrition principles, which recommendation would provide the greatest overall
benefit for both oral and systemic health?
,A. Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit foods high in added sugars.
B. Eliminate all dietary fats.
C. Consume fruit juice instead of water between meals.
D. Skip meals to reduce calorie intake.
Correct Answer
A. Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit foods high in added sugars.
Rationale
A balanced diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, low-fat dairy, and healthy fats
provides essential nutrients while limiting added sugars that contribute to dental caries and chronic disease.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Healthy fats are essential for normal body function.
• C: Frequent juice consumption increases sugar and acid exposure.
• D: Skipping meals may encourage unhealthy snacking and inadequate nutrient intake.
Clinical Pearl
Healthy dietary patterns benefit both oral tissues and overall wellness.
High-Yield Tip
Focus on the overall quality of the diet rather than eliminating entire food groups.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current dietary recommendations emphasize nutrient-dense eating patterns while limiting added sugars to
support oral and systemic health.
Difficulty Level: Advanced Clinical Judgment (10%)
Question 6
Examination reveals generalized gingival inflammation in a patient with minimal plaque accumulation. The
patient reports consuming very few fruits and vegetables and rarely eating foods rich in vitamin C.
Which nutrient deficiency should the dental professional consider as a contributing factor?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B₁₂
,D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer
A. Vitamin C
Rationale
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, connective tissue integrity, immune function, and wound healing.
Inadequate intake may contribute to bleeding gingiva, delayed healing, and compromised periodontal tissue
health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Vitamin D primarily supports calcium absorption and bone metabolism.
• C: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency more commonly affects neurologic function and may cause glossitis.
• D: Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting but is not the primary deficiency suggested by this history.
Clinical Pearl
Persistent gingival bleeding despite good plaque control should prompt consideration of nutritional and
systemic factors.
High-Yield Tip
Vitamin C deficiency is classically associated with impaired collagen formation and delayed wound healing.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence supports evaluating dietary intake when unexplained gingival inflammation persists despite
acceptable oral hygiene.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 7
The patient asks, "Why does my dentist always encourage me to drink water instead of sugary beverages?"
Which explanation is most accurate?
A. Water permanently hardens enamel.
B. Water contains natural antibacterial medications.
C. Water promotes hydration, supports saliva production, and does not expose teeth to fermentable sugars.
D. Water completely eliminates plaque bacteria from the mouth.
Correct Answer
, C. Water promotes hydration, supports saliva production, and does not expose teeth to fermentable sugars.
Rationale
Water supports adequate salivary flow, helps rinse away food particles, and contains no fermentable
carbohydrates. When fluoridated, it also contributes to enamel remineralization and caries prevention.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Water supports remineralization but does not permanently harden enamel.
• B: Water does not contain antibacterial medications.
• D: Water helps cleanse the mouth but does not eliminate dental plaque.
Clinical Pearl
Encouraging patients to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water is one of the simplest and most
effective preventive recommendations.
High-Yield Tip
Fluoridated water provides dual benefits by supporting hydration and reducing the risk of dental caries.
Evidence-Based Practice
Public health evidence consistently supports fluoridated water consumption as a safe and effective strategy for
reducing dental caries across all age groups.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 8
A dietary assessment reveals that a college student frequently skips breakfast, consumes energy drinks
throughout the day, and snacks on candy while studying late at night. During the oral examination, several
incipient carious lesions are identified.
Which modification would provide the greatest reduction in the student's caries risk?
A. Replace energy drinks with water, establish regular balanced meals, and reduce sugary snacks between
meals.
B. Continue consuming energy drinks but brush after each can.
C. Replace candy with dried fruit while maintaining the same snacking frequency.
D. Skip lunch to reduce overall calorie intake.
Correct Answer
A. Replace energy drinks with water, establish regular balanced meals, and reduce sugary snacks between
meals.
,Nutrition and Oral Health Comprehensive Test Bank
Updated 2026–2027 Edition
Comprehensive Table of Contents
Part I – Introduction
• Eating 101
Part II – Major Nutrients
• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Dietary and Herbal Supplements
Part III – Relationship of Nutrition to Oral Disease
• Diet and Dental Caries
• Nutrition and Periodontal Disease
Part IV – Food Guidelines
• Choosing Foods for Health and Fitness
• Reading Labels
Part V – Food for Growth
• Nutrient Needs for Development and Maintenance of Oral Structures
• Dietary Considerations for the Life Cycle
Part VI – Nutritional Counseling
, • Eating Disorders
• Nutritional Counseling
• Nutritional Considerations for Special Population Groups
• Nutritive Value of Complementary Therapies for Oral Care
Total Coverage: 650 Comprehensive Questions
Exam Features
Multiple Choice Questions (A–D)
Clinical Scenario-Based Questions
Correct Answer
Detailed Rationale
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Clinical Pearl
High-Yield Tip
Evidence-Based Practice
Balanced and Unpredictable Answer Distribution
Coverage: Nutrition Science • Dental Hygiene • Oral Disease Prevention • Patient Counseling • Evidence-
Based Oral Healthcare
Part I – Introduction
Chapter 1 – Eating 101
Question 1
During a comprehensive oral health assessment, a 29-year-old patient reports sipping sweetened coffee
throughout the workday and frequently snacking on granola bars between meals. The patient brushes twice
daily with fluoride toothpaste, yet the examination reveals several early enamel white spot lesions.
Which recommendation should the dental professional provide first to help reduce the patient's future risk of
dental caries?
A. Reduce the frequency of sugary snacks and beverages by consuming them only during regular meals and
choosing water between meals.
B. Increase tooth brushing to after every snack while maintaining the current dietary pattern.
C. Eliminate all carbohydrate-containing foods from the diet.
,D. Replace sweetened coffee with fruit juice and continue frequent snacking.
Correct Answer
A. Reduce the frequency of sugary snacks and beverages by consuming them only during regular meals and
choosing water between meals.
Rationale
One of the most significant dietary risk factors for dental caries is the frequency of exposure to fermentable
carbohydrates. Each exposure allows cariogenic bacteria to produce acids that lower plaque pH and promote
enamel demineralization. Encouraging patients to limit sugary foods and beverages to mealtimes and choose
water between meals reduces repeated acid attacks and allows saliva sufficient time to remineralize enamel.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Increasing tooth brushing is beneficial but does not eliminate the repeated acid challenges caused by
frequent sugar consumption throughout the day.
• C: Completely eliminating carbohydrates is unnecessary and inconsistent with healthy dietary
recommendations. Patients should instead reduce added sugars and select nutrient-dense
carbohydrate sources.
• D: Fruit juice contains natural sugars and organic acids that may also contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
Clinical Pearl
When evaluating dietary habits, assess not only what patients eat but also how often they consume
fermentable carbohydrates, as eating frequency strongly influences caries risk.
High-Yield Tip
For many patients, reducing the frequency of sugar exposure has a greater impact on preventing dental caries
than simply reducing the total amount of sugar consumed.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence-based preventive dentistry recommends individualized dietary counseling that focuses on
limiting the frequency of fermentable carbohydrate intake, promoting water as the preferred beverage
between meals, and combining nutritional guidance with fluoride exposure and effective plaque control for
optimal caries prevention.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 2
Which dietary habit is most strongly associated with an increased risk of developing dental caries in an
otherwise healthy adult?
,A. Drinking fluoridated water throughout the day.
B. Consuming fermentable carbohydrates frequently between meals.
C. Eating fresh vegetables with lunch and dinner.
D. Drinking unsweetened milk during meals.
Correct Answer
B. Consuming fermentable carbohydrates frequently between meals.
Rationale
Frequent intake of fermentable carbohydrates, such as sugary snacks and beverages, provides oral bacteria
with a continuous energy source for acid production. Repeated acid attacks lower plaque pH below the critical
level for enamel demineralization and reduce the time available for saliva to remineralize tooth structure.
Consequently, the frequency of carbohydrate exposure is a major predictor of dental caries risk.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Fluoridated water helps strengthen enamel and supports remineralization rather than increasing
caries risk.
• C: Fresh vegetables are generally low in fermentable sugars and contribute to a balanced, nutrient-rich
diet.
• D: Unsweetened milk contains calcium, phosphorus, and casein, which help support tooth
mineralization and oral health.
Clinical Pearl
Patients often focus on how much sugar they consume, but clinicians should also emphasize how often sugary
foods and drinks are consumed throughout the day.
High-Yield Tip
The Stephan Curve demonstrates that plaque pH drops rapidly after consuming fermentable carbohydrates
and may remain below the critical pH for approximately 20–30 minutes before recovering.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence supports limiting between-meal consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and replacing
sugar-sweetened beverages with water to reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve long-term oral
health.
Difficulty Level: Basic Knowledge (20%)
Question 3
,Following a comprehensive dietary assessment, a patient reports replacing carbonated soft drinks with sports
drinks because they believe sports drinks are healthier for their teeth.
Which response by the dental professional is most appropriate?
A. Sports drinks should be consumed throughout the day because they contain electrolytes.
B. Sports drinks generally pose little risk to enamel because they contain fewer sugars than soft drinks.
C. Many sports drinks contain fermentable carbohydrates and acids that may contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
D. Sports drinks should completely replace water as the primary beverage.
Correct Answer
C. Many sports drinks contain fermentable carbohydrates and acids that may contribute to enamel
demineralization when consumed frequently.
Rationale
Many sports drinks contain both sugars and acids that lower plaque pH and increase the risk of enamel erosion
and dental caries when consumed frequently. Unless medically indicated for prolonged, intense physical
activity, water is generally the preferred beverage for hydration and oral health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Frequent sipping prolongs acid exposure and increases the risk of enamel damage.
• B: Many sports drinks remain cariogenic and erosive despite marketing claims.
• D: Water—not sports drinks—is the preferred beverage for routine hydration.
Clinical Pearl
Patients often perceive sports drinks as healthy because of advertising. Always discuss their sugar and acid
content during dietary counseling.
High-Yield Tip
The combination of acid + sugar creates a greater challenge for enamel than either factor alone.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current preventive dentistry guidelines recommend water as the beverage of choice for daily hydration and
advise limiting acidic, sugar-containing beverages to reduce the risk of caries and dental erosion.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 4
,An older adult reports increasing difficulty chewing fresh fruits, vegetables, and lean meats after receiving
complete dentures. During the nutritional assessment, the patient admits to eating mostly soft processed
foods.
Which potential consequence is the greatest concern?
A. Increased intake of nutrient-dense foods.
B. Improved periodontal attachment.
C. Reduced nutritional quality that may negatively affect oral and systemic health.
D. Increased saliva production.
Correct Answer
C. Reduced nutritional quality that may negatively affect oral and systemic health.
Rationale
Difficulty chewing often leads patients to avoid nutrient-rich foods and rely on processed foods that are softer
but less nutritious. Over time, this may contribute to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, impaired healing,
weakened immunity, and poorer oral and systemic health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: The patient's diet is becoming less nutrient-dense, not more.
• B: Diet alone does not improve periodontal attachment.
• D: Wearing dentures does not increase salivary flow.
Clinical Pearl
Patients with dentures should receive nutritional counseling to ensure they continue consuming a balanced
diet despite chewing challenges.
High-Yield Tip
Chewing ability directly influences food selection and overall nutritional status.
Evidence-Based Practice
Evidence supports providing dietary counseling for denture wearers to help maintain adequate nutrient intake
and improve long-term health outcomes.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Analysis (20%)
Question 5
Based on current preventive nutrition principles, which recommendation would provide the greatest overall
benefit for both oral and systemic health?
,A. Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit foods high in added sugars.
B. Eliminate all dietary fats.
C. Consume fruit juice instead of water between meals.
D. Skip meals to reduce calorie intake.
Correct Answer
A. Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit foods high in added sugars.
Rationale
A balanced diet emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, low-fat dairy, and healthy fats
provides essential nutrients while limiting added sugars that contribute to dental caries and chronic disease.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Healthy fats are essential for normal body function.
• C: Frequent juice consumption increases sugar and acid exposure.
• D: Skipping meals may encourage unhealthy snacking and inadequate nutrient intake.
Clinical Pearl
Healthy dietary patterns benefit both oral tissues and overall wellness.
High-Yield Tip
Focus on the overall quality of the diet rather than eliminating entire food groups.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current dietary recommendations emphasize nutrient-dense eating patterns while limiting added sugars to
support oral and systemic health.
Difficulty Level: Advanced Clinical Judgment (10%)
Question 6
Examination reveals generalized gingival inflammation in a patient with minimal plaque accumulation. The
patient reports consuming very few fruits and vegetables and rarely eating foods rich in vitamin C.
Which nutrient deficiency should the dental professional consider as a contributing factor?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B₁₂
,D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer
A. Vitamin C
Rationale
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, connective tissue integrity, immune function, and wound healing.
Inadequate intake may contribute to bleeding gingiva, delayed healing, and compromised periodontal tissue
health.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• B: Vitamin D primarily supports calcium absorption and bone metabolism.
• C: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency more commonly affects neurologic function and may cause glossitis.
• D: Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting but is not the primary deficiency suggested by this history.
Clinical Pearl
Persistent gingival bleeding despite good plaque control should prompt consideration of nutritional and
systemic factors.
High-Yield Tip
Vitamin C deficiency is classically associated with impaired collagen formation and delayed wound healing.
Evidence-Based Practice
Current evidence supports evaluating dietary intake when unexplained gingival inflammation persists despite
acceptable oral hygiene.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 7
The patient asks, "Why does my dentist always encourage me to drink water instead of sugary beverages?"
Which explanation is most accurate?
A. Water permanently hardens enamel.
B. Water contains natural antibacterial medications.
C. Water promotes hydration, supports saliva production, and does not expose teeth to fermentable sugars.
D. Water completely eliminates plaque bacteria from the mouth.
Correct Answer
, C. Water promotes hydration, supports saliva production, and does not expose teeth to fermentable sugars.
Rationale
Water supports adequate salivary flow, helps rinse away food particles, and contains no fermentable
carbohydrates. When fluoridated, it also contributes to enamel remineralization and caries prevention.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
• A: Water supports remineralization but does not permanently harden enamel.
• B: Water does not contain antibacterial medications.
• D: Water helps cleanse the mouth but does not eliminate dental plaque.
Clinical Pearl
Encouraging patients to replace sugar-sweetened beverages with water is one of the simplest and most
effective preventive recommendations.
High-Yield Tip
Fluoridated water provides dual benefits by supporting hydration and reducing the risk of dental caries.
Evidence-Based Practice
Public health evidence consistently supports fluoridated water consumption as a safe and effective strategy for
reducing dental caries across all age groups.
Difficulty Level: Clinical Application (50%)
Question 8
A dietary assessment reveals that a college student frequently skips breakfast, consumes energy drinks
throughout the day, and snacks on candy while studying late at night. During the oral examination, several
incipient carious lesions are identified.
Which modification would provide the greatest reduction in the student's caries risk?
A. Replace energy drinks with water, establish regular balanced meals, and reduce sugary snacks between
meals.
B. Continue consuming energy drinks but brush after each can.
C. Replace candy with dried fruit while maintaining the same snacking frequency.
D. Skip lunch to reduce overall calorie intake.
Correct Answer
A. Replace energy drinks with water, establish regular balanced meals, and reduce sugary snacks between
meals.
