PSY 102 Exam 1 2026/2027 NEWEST QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• What is psychology? -✓✓ Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes, aiming to describe, predict, explain, and control or influence these
processes
• Benefits of Psychology -✓✓ -enhances critical thinking
-promotes academic success
-improves personal relationships
-contributes to career success
-aids in understanding mental health
-enhances problem-solving skills.
• Behavior -✓✓ observable actions
• mental activity -✓✓ internal processes like thoughts and emotions
• brain -✓✓ regulates functions through complex neural networks
• William James -✓✓ Founder of functionalism, emphasizing the purpose of mental
processes in adapting to the environment.
• Sigmund Freud -✓✓ Developed psychoanalytic theory, focusing on unconscious
conflicts influencing behavior and personality.
• René Descartes -✓✓ Proposed dualism, suggesting the mind and body are separate
entities.
• John Watson -✓✓ Pioneer of behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable
behaviors.
• B.F. Skinner -✓✓ Advanced behaviorism by introducing concepts like reinforcement
and operant conditioning.
• Dualism -✓✓ The mind and body are distinct and separate
• Structuralism -✓✓ Focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic
components.
• Behaviorism -✓✓ Emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and rejects the study
of mental processes
, • Psychoanalytic Theory -✓✓ Emphasizes unconscious conflicts in determining behavior
and personality
• Introspection -✓✓ Involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
• Cognitive Psychology -✓✓ Studies mental processes such as perception, memory,
and problem-solving
• Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development -✓✓ - Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive
Development
- Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
- Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
- Formal Operational Stage (12+ years)
• Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years) -✓✓ Development of object permanence and
understanding the world through sensory experiences and physical interactions.
• Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) -✓✓ Development of language and symbolic thinking
but limited by egocentrism.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) -✓✓ Development of logical thinking about
concrete events and understanding concepts like conservation.
• Formal Operational Stage (12+ years): -✓✓ Development of abstract and moral
reasoning.
• Schema -✓✓ Mental frameworks that help organize information
• Assimilation -✓✓ Incorporating new information into existing schemas
• Accommodation -✓✓ Modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information
• Conservation -✓✓ Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in
shape or appearance
• Seriation -✓✓ Ability to arrange objects in a logical order
• Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development -✓✓ - Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
• What is psychology? -✓✓ Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes, aiming to describe, predict, explain, and control or influence these
processes
• Benefits of Psychology -✓✓ -enhances critical thinking
-promotes academic success
-improves personal relationships
-contributes to career success
-aids in understanding mental health
-enhances problem-solving skills.
• Behavior -✓✓ observable actions
• mental activity -✓✓ internal processes like thoughts and emotions
• brain -✓✓ regulates functions through complex neural networks
• William James -✓✓ Founder of functionalism, emphasizing the purpose of mental
processes in adapting to the environment.
• Sigmund Freud -✓✓ Developed psychoanalytic theory, focusing on unconscious
conflicts influencing behavior and personality.
• René Descartes -✓✓ Proposed dualism, suggesting the mind and body are separate
entities.
• John Watson -✓✓ Pioneer of behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable
behaviors.
• B.F. Skinner -✓✓ Advanced behaviorism by introducing concepts like reinforcement
and operant conditioning.
• Dualism -✓✓ The mind and body are distinct and separate
• Structuralism -✓✓ Focuses on breaking down mental processes into basic
components.
• Behaviorism -✓✓ Emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and rejects the study
of mental processes
, • Psychoanalytic Theory -✓✓ Emphasizes unconscious conflicts in determining behavior
and personality
• Introspection -✓✓ Involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
• Cognitive Psychology -✓✓ Studies mental processes such as perception, memory,
and problem-solving
• Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development -✓✓ - Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive
Development
- Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
- Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
- Formal Operational Stage (12+ years)
• Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years) -✓✓ Development of object permanence and
understanding the world through sensory experiences and physical interactions.
• Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) -✓✓ Development of language and symbolic thinking
but limited by egocentrism.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) -✓✓ Development of logical thinking about
concrete events and understanding concepts like conservation.
• Formal Operational Stage (12+ years): -✓✓ Development of abstract and moral
reasoning.
• Schema -✓✓ Mental frameworks that help organize information
• Assimilation -✓✓ Incorporating new information into existing schemas
• Accommodation -✓✓ Modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information
• Conservation -✓✓ Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in
shape or appearance
• Seriation -✓✓ Ability to arrange objects in a logical order
• Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development -✓✓ - Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years)
- Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years)
- Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
- Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
