STS 345 EXAM 1 |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100%
ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | ACE EVERY TEST |
GUARANTEED EXCELLENCE.
Statistics Answer: the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical
information and data
Individual Answer: a person or object included in a study
variable Answer: a characteristic of an individual that can be measured, observed, and/or
manipulated
population Answer: a group that includes every individual of interest (example: all
residents in a county)
sample Answer: a select group of individuals from a population (not all individuals)
(example: randomly selected residents of a county)
census Answer: a collection of variable(s) from an entire population (example: incomes of
all residents of a county)
parameter Answer: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of an entire
population
statistic Answer: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample;
estimates the population parameter
random sample Answer: each individual of a population has an equal chance of being
selected
Example:
-if a population is the class and we draw 5 names from a hat
-using a random number generator
, non-random sample Answer: each individual of population does not have an equal chance
of being selected
Example:
-asking for volunteers to respond to a survey
-choosing the first 5 students who come to class
sampling error Answer: the difference between the sample value (statistic) and the actual
population value (parameter) that is the result of normal random sampling variations
(fluctuations)
non-sampling error Answer: differences between the sample value and the actual
population value that are a result of:
1) incorrectly recorded data
2) incorrectly analyzed data
3) biased sampling (non-random sampling)
convenience sampling Answer: sample is selected from individuals readily available
and/or individuals that agree to participate (non-random sampling)
stratified sampling Answer: population is divided into groups or "strata" (e.g. by gender)
and random samples are drawn from each group
systematic sampling Answer: population is arranged in sequential order (e.g. by age) and a
random starting point is selected, you then select every "kth" individual
cluster sampling Answer: population is divided into sections or clusters (e.g. by
geographical location) and some of the clusters are randomly selected, you then select
every individual in that selected cluster for a sample
qualitative data Answer: variable that can be separated into a category or group (non-
numeric)
ACCURATE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | ACE EVERY TEST |
GUARANTEED EXCELLENCE.
Statistics Answer: the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical
information and data
Individual Answer: a person or object included in a study
variable Answer: a characteristic of an individual that can be measured, observed, and/or
manipulated
population Answer: a group that includes every individual of interest (example: all
residents in a county)
sample Answer: a select group of individuals from a population (not all individuals)
(example: randomly selected residents of a county)
census Answer: a collection of variable(s) from an entire population (example: incomes of
all residents of a county)
parameter Answer: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of an entire
population
statistic Answer: a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample;
estimates the population parameter
random sample Answer: each individual of a population has an equal chance of being
selected
Example:
-if a population is the class and we draw 5 names from a hat
-using a random number generator
, non-random sample Answer: each individual of population does not have an equal chance
of being selected
Example:
-asking for volunteers to respond to a survey
-choosing the first 5 students who come to class
sampling error Answer: the difference between the sample value (statistic) and the actual
population value (parameter) that is the result of normal random sampling variations
(fluctuations)
non-sampling error Answer: differences between the sample value and the actual
population value that are a result of:
1) incorrectly recorded data
2) incorrectly analyzed data
3) biased sampling (non-random sampling)
convenience sampling Answer: sample is selected from individuals readily available
and/or individuals that agree to participate (non-random sampling)
stratified sampling Answer: population is divided into groups or "strata" (e.g. by gender)
and random samples are drawn from each group
systematic sampling Answer: population is arranged in sequential order (e.g. by age) and a
random starting point is selected, you then select every "kth" individual
cluster sampling Answer: population is divided into sections or clusters (e.g. by
geographical location) and some of the clusters are randomly selected, you then select
every individual in that selected cluster for a sample
qualitative data Answer: variable that can be separated into a category or group (non-
numeric)
