WGU D440 Chapter 4: Health and Wellness Through
Nutritional Science Practice test exam Questions with
complete solutions verified by experts 2026/2027
Untreated pku can result in
Permanent intellectual disability and central nervous system damage.
Galactosemia
Recessive genetic disorder; characterized by body's inability to convert galactose to
glucose
Nutrition plan for pku
Low phenylalanine diet
Restrict milk, eggs, meat.
Avoid foods containing aspartame
Dumping syndrome
Decreased gastric capacity and loss of pyloric sphincter after stomach removal - leads
to hypovolemia, tachy, dizziness, palor, pain cramping and nausea
Nutrition plan for galactosemia
Lactose free diet
Celiac disease
Disease caused by sensitivity to gluten found in wheat rye and barely. Causes damage
to intestinal mucosa, decreases absorption.
It also decreases the release of bile, peptide hormones, and pancreatic secretions,
which worsen malabsorption
Nutrition plan for dumping syndrome
No liquids with meals
Drink liquids at room temp
No carbonation
Limit foods high in simple sugars
Avoid lactose
,Eat small frequent meals
Eat slowly
Lie down 15-30 mins after eating
Consume pectin TID
Nutrition plan for chronic diarrhea
Avoid very hot foods.
Avoid caffeine.
Avoid gas-forming foods.
Get plenty of rest.
Eat foods high in potassium
Drink electrolytes
Celiacs disease is higher rate in
Caucasians
Foods too avoid with celiacs
Wheat, rye, barley, oats(if processed with gluten)
Foods safe for celiac
Corn, potatoes, rice, soybeans, tapioca, arrowroot
Celiacs should supplement with
Vit d and b, and calcium
Two antibodies present with celiac dx
Anti-gluten and anti-gliadin positive, also immunoglobulin a levels elevated
S/s of celiacs
Diarrhea
Bloating/Gas
Steatorrhea
Weight loss
Malnutrition
Brusing/bleeding
,Complications of celiacs
Lymphoma
Infertility
Osteoporosis
Electrolyte imbalances
Iron deficiency anemia
Two types of ibs
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Chron's disease
Chronic inflammation of all layers of the intestinal tract, may skip areas
Risk factor of chrons
Jewish
Smoking
Environmental factors like pollution or stress
Risk factor of UC
History of smoking (past or present)
Environmental factors (e.g., pollution and stress)
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon that affects the mucosa and submucosa
Clinical manifestations of chrons
Diarrhea
Cramping
Fever
Wt loss
Clinical manifestations of UC
Diarrhea
Severe abdominal pain
, Fever (during exacerbations)
Tenesmus (urge to go to the bathroom without being able to go)
Rectal bleeding
Complications of chrons
Fissures
Fistulas
Strictures
Perianal disease
Disease exacerbations
Abscesses
Complications of UC
1. Toxic megacolon (can rupture)
2. Carcinoma (biggest complication)
3. Joint disorders
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
Nutrition therapy during remission of ibs
High fiber
High calorie
Avoid high oxalates
Increased antioxidants, omega 3s and glutamine
Pre/probiotics
Nutrition Therapy During Exacerbation of ibs
Low-fat, low-residue, high-protein, and high-calorie diet
Small frequent meals
Vits/supplements vitamin D, zinc, calcium, magnesium, folic acid, and iron
Medical management of ibs
Pharmacologic treatment: Corticosteroids
Antiinflammatory medications
Nutritional Science Practice test exam Questions with
complete solutions verified by experts 2026/2027
Untreated pku can result in
Permanent intellectual disability and central nervous system damage.
Galactosemia
Recessive genetic disorder; characterized by body's inability to convert galactose to
glucose
Nutrition plan for pku
Low phenylalanine diet
Restrict milk, eggs, meat.
Avoid foods containing aspartame
Dumping syndrome
Decreased gastric capacity and loss of pyloric sphincter after stomach removal - leads
to hypovolemia, tachy, dizziness, palor, pain cramping and nausea
Nutrition plan for galactosemia
Lactose free diet
Celiac disease
Disease caused by sensitivity to gluten found in wheat rye and barely. Causes damage
to intestinal mucosa, decreases absorption.
It also decreases the release of bile, peptide hormones, and pancreatic secretions,
which worsen malabsorption
Nutrition plan for dumping syndrome
No liquids with meals
Drink liquids at room temp
No carbonation
Limit foods high in simple sugars
Avoid lactose
,Eat small frequent meals
Eat slowly
Lie down 15-30 mins after eating
Consume pectin TID
Nutrition plan for chronic diarrhea
Avoid very hot foods.
Avoid caffeine.
Avoid gas-forming foods.
Get plenty of rest.
Eat foods high in potassium
Drink electrolytes
Celiacs disease is higher rate in
Caucasians
Foods too avoid with celiacs
Wheat, rye, barley, oats(if processed with gluten)
Foods safe for celiac
Corn, potatoes, rice, soybeans, tapioca, arrowroot
Celiacs should supplement with
Vit d and b, and calcium
Two antibodies present with celiac dx
Anti-gluten and anti-gliadin positive, also immunoglobulin a levels elevated
S/s of celiacs
Diarrhea
Bloating/Gas
Steatorrhea
Weight loss
Malnutrition
Brusing/bleeding
,Complications of celiacs
Lymphoma
Infertility
Osteoporosis
Electrolyte imbalances
Iron deficiency anemia
Two types of ibs
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Chron's disease
Chronic inflammation of all layers of the intestinal tract, may skip areas
Risk factor of chrons
Jewish
Smoking
Environmental factors like pollution or stress
Risk factor of UC
History of smoking (past or present)
Environmental factors (e.g., pollution and stress)
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon that affects the mucosa and submucosa
Clinical manifestations of chrons
Diarrhea
Cramping
Fever
Wt loss
Clinical manifestations of UC
Diarrhea
Severe abdominal pain
, Fever (during exacerbations)
Tenesmus (urge to go to the bathroom without being able to go)
Rectal bleeding
Complications of chrons
Fissures
Fistulas
Strictures
Perianal disease
Disease exacerbations
Abscesses
Complications of UC
1. Toxic megacolon (can rupture)
2. Carcinoma (biggest complication)
3. Joint disorders
Diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
Nutrition therapy during remission of ibs
High fiber
High calorie
Avoid high oxalates
Increased antioxidants, omega 3s and glutamine
Pre/probiotics
Nutrition Therapy During Exacerbation of ibs
Low-fat, low-residue, high-protein, and high-calorie diet
Small frequent meals
Vits/supplements vitamin D, zinc, calcium, magnesium, folic acid, and iron
Medical management of ibs
Pharmacologic treatment: Corticosteroids
Antiinflammatory medications
