1|Page
NURS251 FINAL EXAM |WITH QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
central axillary, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), lateral - CORRECT ANSWER-What 4 groups
of axillary nodes are associated with the breast exam?
colostrum - CORRECT ANSWER--pregnant woman
-may be expressed after 4th month
-thick yellow fluid that is a precursor for milk, containing same amount of protein and lactose, but no
fat
-breasts produce this for first few days after delivery
-rich in antibodies that protect newborn against infection, so breastfeeding is important
menopause - CORRECT ANSWER--time that marks the end of menstrual cycles
-decrease in vaginal secretions
-atrophy of the muscles (decrease in hormones)
-hot flashes
-mood swings
-decreased breast size
gynecomastia - CORRECT ANSWER--during male adolescence, it is common for breast tissue to
temporarily enlarge
-condition is usually unilateral and temporary
-may reappear in aging male and be due to testosterone deficiency
breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER--BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation
-survival varies by stage when diagnosed
breast cancer risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER--first degree relative (mom, sister, daughter) that had
breast cancer
-taking hormones longer than 5 years
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-history of early menstruation before 12
-history of late menopause after age 55
vertical strip pattern - CORRECT ANSWER--What pattern is recommended to detect breast masses?
characteristics of lump - CORRECT ANSWER--location (describe distance in cm from nipple)
-size (judge in cm in 3 dimensions: width, length, and thickness)
-shape (oval, round, lobulated, or indistinct)
-consistency (soft, firm, hard)
-movable
-distinctness (solitary or multiple)
-nipple (displaced?)
-skin over lump (erythematous, dimpled, or retracted)
-tenderness
-lymphadenopathy (any lymph nodes palpable)
mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal finding
-inflammatory mass before abscess formation
-usually in a single quadrant
-area is red, swollen, tender, very hot and hard
-may occur during first 4 months of lactation from infection or from plugged duct
-treat with rest, local heat to area, antibiotics, and frequent nursing (empty breast)
breast abscess - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal finding
-generalized infection gone untreated
-pocket of pus that feels hard, looks red, and is quite tender
-treat with antibiotics, surgical incision, and drainage
plugged duct - CORRECT ANSWER--when milk is not removed completely because of poor latching,
ineffective suckling, infrequent nursing, or switching to second breast too soon
-tender lump that may be red and warm to touch; no infection
, 3|Page
-keep breast as empty as possible
-usually resolves in less than a day
breast and pubic hair development (between ages 8 and 10) - CORRECT ANSWER-What are the first
signs of puberty?
testicular self examination - CORRECT ANSWER--teach every male from 13-14 years old through
adulthood
-T: timing (once a month)
-S: shower (warm water relaxed scrotal sac)
-E: examine, check for, and report changes immediately
complete (baseline) - CORRECT ANSWER--total health history and full physical examination describing
current and past health state
-example: checkup or annual appointment
focused - CORRECT ANSWER--health history that is problem-centered: limited, targeted, mainly 1
problem or body system
-example: patient presents with a rash, broken bone, etc.
episodic or emergency - CORRECT ANSWER--health history that is urgent, rapid collection of
information with lifesaving measures
-not much time, really just need to do quick assessment
-example: heart attack
first-level priority (top priority) - CORRECT ANSWER--priority that is emergent, life threatening, and
immediate
second-level priority - CORRECT ANSWER--priority that is next in urgency, requiring attention so as to
avoid further deterioration
-example: infection, diabetic (check their sugar/give insulin)
NURS251 FINAL EXAM |WITH QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
central axillary, pectoral (anterior), subscapular (posterior), lateral - CORRECT ANSWER-What 4 groups
of axillary nodes are associated with the breast exam?
colostrum - CORRECT ANSWER--pregnant woman
-may be expressed after 4th month
-thick yellow fluid that is a precursor for milk, containing same amount of protein and lactose, but no
fat
-breasts produce this for first few days after delivery
-rich in antibodies that protect newborn against infection, so breastfeeding is important
menopause - CORRECT ANSWER--time that marks the end of menstrual cycles
-decrease in vaginal secretions
-atrophy of the muscles (decrease in hormones)
-hot flashes
-mood swings
-decreased breast size
gynecomastia - CORRECT ANSWER--during male adolescence, it is common for breast tissue to
temporarily enlarge
-condition is usually unilateral and temporary
-may reappear in aging male and be due to testosterone deficiency
breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER--BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation
-survival varies by stage when diagnosed
breast cancer risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER--first degree relative (mom, sister, daughter) that had
breast cancer
-taking hormones longer than 5 years
,2|Page
-history of early menstruation before 12
-history of late menopause after age 55
vertical strip pattern - CORRECT ANSWER--What pattern is recommended to detect breast masses?
characteristics of lump - CORRECT ANSWER--location (describe distance in cm from nipple)
-size (judge in cm in 3 dimensions: width, length, and thickness)
-shape (oval, round, lobulated, or indistinct)
-consistency (soft, firm, hard)
-movable
-distinctness (solitary or multiple)
-nipple (displaced?)
-skin over lump (erythematous, dimpled, or retracted)
-tenderness
-lymphadenopathy (any lymph nodes palpable)
mastitis - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal finding
-inflammatory mass before abscess formation
-usually in a single quadrant
-area is red, swollen, tender, very hot and hard
-may occur during first 4 months of lactation from infection or from plugged duct
-treat with rest, local heat to area, antibiotics, and frequent nursing (empty breast)
breast abscess - CORRECT ANSWER--abnormal finding
-generalized infection gone untreated
-pocket of pus that feels hard, looks red, and is quite tender
-treat with antibiotics, surgical incision, and drainage
plugged duct - CORRECT ANSWER--when milk is not removed completely because of poor latching,
ineffective suckling, infrequent nursing, or switching to second breast too soon
-tender lump that may be red and warm to touch; no infection
, 3|Page
-keep breast as empty as possible
-usually resolves in less than a day
breast and pubic hair development (between ages 8 and 10) - CORRECT ANSWER-What are the first
signs of puberty?
testicular self examination - CORRECT ANSWER--teach every male from 13-14 years old through
adulthood
-T: timing (once a month)
-S: shower (warm water relaxed scrotal sac)
-E: examine, check for, and report changes immediately
complete (baseline) - CORRECT ANSWER--total health history and full physical examination describing
current and past health state
-example: checkup or annual appointment
focused - CORRECT ANSWER--health history that is problem-centered: limited, targeted, mainly 1
problem or body system
-example: patient presents with a rash, broken bone, etc.
episodic or emergency - CORRECT ANSWER--health history that is urgent, rapid collection of
information with lifesaving measures
-not much time, really just need to do quick assessment
-example: heart attack
first-level priority (top priority) - CORRECT ANSWER--priority that is emergent, life threatening, and
immediate
second-level priority - CORRECT ANSWER--priority that is next in urgency, requiring attention so as to
avoid further deterioration
-example: infection, diabetic (check their sugar/give insulin)
