NR 228/NR228 Nutrition Health and Wellness Exam
Review Actual 2026/2027 with Detailed Rationales | 100%
Verified | Pass Guaranteed
SECTION 1: MACRONUTRIENTS – CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS &
LIPIDS (Questions 1–16)
Q1: A nurse is teaching a client about complex carbohydrates. Which of the following
foods should the nurse identify as the best source of complex carbohydrates?
A. Orange juice
B. White bread
C. Oatmeal
D. Honey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because oatmeal is a whole grain rich in complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides/starch) and dietary fiber, providing sustained energy release
compared to simple carbohydrate sources. This matches the definition of complex
carbohydrates as long chains of sugar molecules found in whole grains, legumes, and
starchy vegetables.
Q2: A client asks the nurse about the glycemic index (GI). Which response by the nurse
is most accurate?
A. "Foods with a high GI provide more sustained energy throughout the day."
,B. "The glycemic index measures the total carbohydrate content of a food."
C. "Low-GI foods cause a slower, more gradual rise in blood glucose levels."
D. "The GI is only relevant for clients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the glycemic index ranks carbohydrate-containing foods by
how much they raise blood glucose compared to pure glucose; low-GI foods (GI <55)
produce a slower, more gradual rise in postprandial blood glucose. This matches the
clinical application of GI for blood glucose management across all populations, not
solely diabetic clients.
Q3: A nurse is reviewing a client's dietary intake and notes the client consumes 75
grams of protein daily. The client weighs 68 kg. Which statement by the nurse is
accurate regarding protein adequacy?
A. "Your protein intake meets the recommended dietary allowance."
B. "You need to increase your protein intake by at least 25 grams per day."
C. "Your protein intake exceeds the recommended amount and may stress your
kidneys."
D. "Protein needs are based solely on body weight and activity level."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because the RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg body weight/day; for a 68 kg
adult, this equals 54.4 grams, making 75 grams adequate and slightly above minimum
,requirements. This matches standard protein recommendations for healthy adults
without renal impairment.
Q4: Which of the following amino acids is classified as conditionally essential during
periods of physiological stress such as trauma or illness?
A. Leucine
B. Glutamine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Valine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because glutamine becomes conditionally essential during metabolic
stress, illness, or trauma when endogenous synthesis cannot meet increased demands
for immune function, intestinal integrity, and nitrogen transport. This matches the
classification of conditionally essential amino acids that are required from dietary
sources during specific physiological states.
Q5: A nurse is caring for a client with a negative nitrogen balance. Which clinical
condition is most likely associated with this finding?
A. Pregnancy
B. Starvation or severe illness
C. Normal childhood growth
D. Bodybuilding with adequate protein intake
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because negative nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen excretion
exceeds intake, indicating tissue catabolism and protein breakdown, which is
characteristic of starvation, severe illness, trauma, or untreated burns. This matches the
pathophysiology of inadequate protein intake or increased metabolic demands
exceeding dietary provision.
Q6: A client is following a vegetarian diet and asks the nurse about complete protein
sources. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A. Brown rice
B. Black beans
C. Quinoa
D. Almonds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods containing all
nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions, making it a complete protein
source comparable to animal proteins. This matches the definition of complete proteins
as those containing all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities.
Q7: A nurse is teaching a client about dietary fats. Which statement by the client
indicates an understanding of saturated fats?
A. "I should increase my intake of coconut oil because it is heart-healthy."
B. "Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products and tropical oils."
Review Actual 2026/2027 with Detailed Rationales | 100%
Verified | Pass Guaranteed
SECTION 1: MACRONUTRIENTS – CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS &
LIPIDS (Questions 1–16)
Q1: A nurse is teaching a client about complex carbohydrates. Which of the following
foods should the nurse identify as the best source of complex carbohydrates?
A. Orange juice
B. White bread
C. Oatmeal
D. Honey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because oatmeal is a whole grain rich in complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides/starch) and dietary fiber, providing sustained energy release
compared to simple carbohydrate sources. This matches the definition of complex
carbohydrates as long chains of sugar molecules found in whole grains, legumes, and
starchy vegetables.
Q2: A client asks the nurse about the glycemic index (GI). Which response by the nurse
is most accurate?
A. "Foods with a high GI provide more sustained energy throughout the day."
,B. "The glycemic index measures the total carbohydrate content of a food."
C. "Low-GI foods cause a slower, more gradual rise in blood glucose levels."
D. "The GI is only relevant for clients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the glycemic index ranks carbohydrate-containing foods by
how much they raise blood glucose compared to pure glucose; low-GI foods (GI <55)
produce a slower, more gradual rise in postprandial blood glucose. This matches the
clinical application of GI for blood glucose management across all populations, not
solely diabetic clients.
Q3: A nurse is reviewing a client's dietary intake and notes the client consumes 75
grams of protein daily. The client weighs 68 kg. Which statement by the nurse is
accurate regarding protein adequacy?
A. "Your protein intake meets the recommended dietary allowance."
B. "You need to increase your protein intake by at least 25 grams per day."
C. "Your protein intake exceeds the recommended amount and may stress your
kidneys."
D. "Protein needs are based solely on body weight and activity level."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because the RDA for protein is 0.8 g/kg body weight/day; for a 68 kg
adult, this equals 54.4 grams, making 75 grams adequate and slightly above minimum
,requirements. This matches standard protein recommendations for healthy adults
without renal impairment.
Q4: Which of the following amino acids is classified as conditionally essential during
periods of physiological stress such as trauma or illness?
A. Leucine
B. Glutamine
C. Phenylalanine
D. Valine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because glutamine becomes conditionally essential during metabolic
stress, illness, or trauma when endogenous synthesis cannot meet increased demands
for immune function, intestinal integrity, and nitrogen transport. This matches the
classification of conditionally essential amino acids that are required from dietary
sources during specific physiological states.
Q5: A nurse is caring for a client with a negative nitrogen balance. Which clinical
condition is most likely associated with this finding?
A. Pregnancy
B. Starvation or severe illness
C. Normal childhood growth
D. Bodybuilding with adequate protein intake
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because negative nitrogen balance occurs when nitrogen excretion
exceeds intake, indicating tissue catabolism and protein breakdown, which is
characteristic of starvation, severe illness, trauma, or untreated burns. This matches the
pathophysiology of inadequate protein intake or increased metabolic demands
exceeding dietary provision.
Q6: A client is following a vegetarian diet and asks the nurse about complete protein
sources. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A. Brown rice
B. Black beans
C. Quinoa
D. Almonds
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because quinoa is one of the few plant-based foods containing all
nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions, making it a complete protein
source comparable to animal proteins. This matches the definition of complete proteins
as those containing all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities.
Q7: A nurse is teaching a client about dietary fats. Which statement by the client
indicates an understanding of saturated fats?
A. "I should increase my intake of coconut oil because it is heart-healthy."
B. "Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products and tropical oils."
