Question 1
What is a common biguanide medication?
ANSWER
Metformin (Glucophage)
Question 2
Daily dosage of metformin
ANSWER
500-2550 mg (usually BID with meals)
Question 3
What is the liquid form of metformin called?
ANSWER
Riomet
Question 4
What does metformin decrease in the body?
ANSWER
Hepatic output
1
,Question 5
What are common side effects of metformin?
ANSWER
GI effects and B12 deficiency (extended release causes less GI effects)
Question 6
When is metformin contraindicated based on GFR?
ANSWER
If GFR < 45 or if GFR reaches < 30 (then consider lowering dose)
Question 7
What conditions contraindicate the use of metformin?
ANSWER
Binge drinking, during dye study, liver disease, heart failure, risk of acidosis
Question 8
What are some benefits of using metformin?
ANSWER
Lowers cholesterol, no hypoglycemia, cheap, weight neutral, approved for pediatrics ages
10+
Question 9
2
, Med class: Sulfonylureas
ANSWER
Glyburide (Diabeta), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Stimulates sustained insulin release "squirter"
Can cause weight gain and hypoglycemia (glyburide)
Glipizide least likely to cause hypoglycemia, Diabeta most likely
Taken before meals and must eat afterward
Cheap
Lowers A1C 1-2%
Question 10
Med class: SGLT2 Inhibitors
ANSWER
"Glucoretic," "-flozins", Invokana, Farxiga, Jardiance, Steglatro, Brenzavvy
Decreases glucose reabsorption in the body, glucose flows out urine
Side effects: hypotension, UTIs/ genital infections, ketoacidosis (euglycemic), weight loss,
increased urination
Helps Kidneys! And preferred for heart failure before or w/ Metformin
Limited BG lowering effect with GFR <45, use until GFR reaches 20
Hold 3-4 days before surgery, hold when sick
Not approved for type 1, but used off-label
Not indicated in pregnancy, can cause Fouriner's Gangrene
Question 11
Med class: DPP-4 Inhibitors
3
What is a common biguanide medication?
ANSWER
Metformin (Glucophage)
Question 2
Daily dosage of metformin
ANSWER
500-2550 mg (usually BID with meals)
Question 3
What is the liquid form of metformin called?
ANSWER
Riomet
Question 4
What does metformin decrease in the body?
ANSWER
Hepatic output
1
,Question 5
What are common side effects of metformin?
ANSWER
GI effects and B12 deficiency (extended release causes less GI effects)
Question 6
When is metformin contraindicated based on GFR?
ANSWER
If GFR < 45 or if GFR reaches < 30 (then consider lowering dose)
Question 7
What conditions contraindicate the use of metformin?
ANSWER
Binge drinking, during dye study, liver disease, heart failure, risk of acidosis
Question 8
What are some benefits of using metformin?
ANSWER
Lowers cholesterol, no hypoglycemia, cheap, weight neutral, approved for pediatrics ages
10+
Question 9
2
, Med class: Sulfonylureas
ANSWER
Glyburide (Diabeta), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Stimulates sustained insulin release "squirter"
Can cause weight gain and hypoglycemia (glyburide)
Glipizide least likely to cause hypoglycemia, Diabeta most likely
Taken before meals and must eat afterward
Cheap
Lowers A1C 1-2%
Question 10
Med class: SGLT2 Inhibitors
ANSWER
"Glucoretic," "-flozins", Invokana, Farxiga, Jardiance, Steglatro, Brenzavvy
Decreases glucose reabsorption in the body, glucose flows out urine
Side effects: hypotension, UTIs/ genital infections, ketoacidosis (euglycemic), weight loss,
increased urination
Helps Kidneys! And preferred for heart failure before or w/ Metformin
Limited BG lowering effect with GFR <45, use until GFR reaches 20
Hold 3-4 days before surgery, hold when sick
Not approved for type 1, but used off-label
Not indicated in pregnancy, can cause Fouriner's Gangrene
Question 11
Med class: DPP-4 Inhibitors
3
