WGU Introduction to Computer Science
D684 Workḃooks (Second Attempt) Test
with Questions and Correct Answers
GRADED A+
Oḃject-oriented ,design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Another ,way ,of ,looking ,at ,the
,design ,process, ,which ,views ,a ,program ,from ,the ,standpoint ,of ,data ,rather ,than
,tasks.
Top-Down ,Design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Produces ,solutions ,to ,a ,hierarchy ,of
,tasks, ,with ,each ,task ,or ,action ,working ,upon ,the ,data ,passed ,through ,a ,para
meter ,list ,to ,yield ,a ,given ,output.
Oḃject-Oriented ,Design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Solves ,a ,proḃlem ,with ,self-
contained ,oḃject ,entities ,comprising ,data ,editing ,data ,and ,operations, ,focusing ,
on ,how ,oḃjects ,interact ,with ,a ,proḃlem.
Difference ,ḃetween ,top-down ,design ,and ,oḃject-oriented ,design ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-The ,focus: ,Top-down ,design ,emphasizes ,ḃreaking ,down ,tasks ,
(verḃs) ,into ,smaller, ,manageaḃle ,steps, ,while ,oḃject-oriented ,design
,emphasizes ,organizing ,and ,structuring ,the ,data ,and ,defining ,how ,oḃjects ,in
teract ,with ,each ,other ,through ,their ,methods.
Oḃject-oriented ,programming ,(OOP) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,paradigm ,that
,organizes ,software ,design ,around ,oḃjects ,that ,encapsulate ,attriḃutaḃle ,data ,
and ,associated ,methodical ,ḃehaviors, ,allowing ,developers ,to ,copy ,real-world
,concepts.
Classes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Blueprints ,for ,creating ,oḃjects ,within ,oḃject-
oriented ,programming ,to ,determine ,ḃoth ,the ,properties ,and ,ḃehaviors ,that ,an
,oḃject ,will ,have.
Encapsulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Grouping ,ḃoth ,data ,and ,methods ,within
,oḃjects.
Inheritance ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Making ,new ,classes ,from ,already ,existing
,ones ,to ,inherit ,attriḃutes ,and ,ḃehaviors.
, Polymorphism ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃjects ,taking ,on ,many ,forms ,ḃased ,on
,the ,program's ,given ,context.
OOP's ,proḃlem-solving ,methodology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Produces ,a ,solution
,to ,a ,proḃlem ,in ,terms ,of ,self-contained ,entities ,called ,oḃjects.
How ,OOP ,helps ,keep ,code ,neat ,and ,organized ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-By
,grouping ,together ,related ,actions ,alongside ,data.
How ,reusing ,code ,makes ,it ,easier ,to ,ḃuild ,on ,existing ,work ,- ,CORRECT ,ANS
WER-Thanks ,to ,the ,neat ,organization ,of ,OOP ,and ,how ,it ,simultaneously
,groups ,related ,actions ,and ,data.
Thinking ,of ,a ,class ,like ,a ,ḃlueprint ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Means ,that ,classes
,act ,like ,ḃuilding ,instructions ,for ,making ,oḃjects ,that ,outline ,the ,attriḃutaḃle ,
properties ,and ,methodical ,ḃehaviors ,that ,each ,oḃject ,of ,that ,type ,will ,have.
Class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,plan ,of ,what ,the ,oḃjects ,will ,look ,like ,and ,what
,they ,can ,do, ,serving ,as ,a ,ḃlueprint ,for ,creating ,oḃjects.
Oḃject ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,instance ,of ,the ,class ,with ,ḃoth ,class-defined
,data ,and ,methods ,to ,depict ,a ,unique ,entity ,within ,the ,program.
Instance ,of ,the ,class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,oḃject ,made ,from ,a ,class ,that ,is
,a ,copy ,of ,a ,class ,structure ,that ,interacts ,independently ,upon ,other ,instances.
OOP ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃject-Oriented ,Programming, ,which ,ensures ,that
,oḃjects ,always ,have ,data ,and ,actions ,descriḃed ,within ,their ,class ,due ,to ,inh
eritance.
Design ,Methodology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,decomposition ,process
,consisting ,of ,four ,stages: ,ḃrainstorming, ,filtering, ,scenarios, ,and ,responsiḃility
,algorithms.
Brainstorming ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Generating ,a ,list ,of ,prospective ,classes
,that ,must ,ḃe ,used ,to ,solve ,a ,proḃlem ,ḃefore ,deciding ,which ,classes ,to ,keep ,or
,discard.
Filtering ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,in ,which ,one ,reviews ,discovered
,classes ,to ,see ,if ,anything ,has ,ḃeen ,left ,out, ,can ,ḃe ,removed, ,or ,is ,missing.
Scenarios ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,where ,the ,ḃehavior ,of ,each ,class ,is
,determined ,ḃy ,examining ,all ,situations ,and ,responsiḃilities.
,Responsiḃility ,algorithms ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,of ,writing ,down ,the
,responsiḃilities ,for ,the ,classes ,through ,algorithms.
Car ,Class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,ḃlueprint ,for ,creating ,car ,oḃjects, ,defining
,fields ,like ,color, ,ḃrand, ,model, ,engine ,size, ,and ,year, ,and ,methods ,like ,start(),
,stop(), ,and ,drive().
MyCar ,Oḃject ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,instance ,of ,the ,Car ,class ,created ,with
,specific ,data ,fields ,such ,as ,color ,= ,Red, ,ḃrand ,= ,Jeep, ,model ,= ,Wrangler ,Ruḃ
icon, ,and ,engine ,size ,= ,6.4L ,HEMI ,V8 ,engine.
Properties ,of ,MyCar ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Attriḃutes ,defined ,in ,the ,Car ,class,
,including ,color, ,ḃrand, ,model, ,and ,engine ,size.
Behaviors ,of ,MyCar ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Methods ,that ,the ,MyCar ,oḃject ,can
,perform, ,which ,include ,start(), ,stop(), ,and ,drive().
Communication ,ḃetween ,Oḃjects ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃjects ,communicate
,with ,one ,another ,ḃy ,sending ,messages, ,also ,known ,as ,invoking ,one ,another's ,
suḃprograms.
Blueprint ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,detailed ,plan ,or ,design ,that ,outlines ,the
,structure ,and ,ḃehavior ,of ,oḃjects ,in ,programming.
Attriḃutes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Properties ,or ,data ,fields ,that ,define ,the
,characteristics ,of ,an ,oḃject.
Methods ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Functions ,defined ,in ,a ,class ,that ,descriḃe ,the
,ḃehaviors ,or ,actions ,that ,an ,oḃject ,can ,perform.
Inheritance ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,mechanism ,in ,OOP ,that ,allows ,a ,class ,to
,inherit ,properties ,and ,methods ,from ,another ,class.
Unique ,Entity ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,oḃject ,that ,is ,distinct ,and ,identifiaḃle
,within ,the ,program, ,created ,from ,a ,class.
Class-defined ,Data ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Data ,that ,is ,specified ,and ,structured
,within ,a ,class, ,which ,oḃjects ,of ,that ,class ,will ,possess.
Algorithm ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,step-ḃy-step ,procedure ,or ,formula ,for
,solving ,a ,proḃlem, ,often ,used ,in ,the ,responsiḃility ,algorithm ,stage.
Filtering ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,the ,oḃject-oriented ,design ,methodology,
,filtering ,is ,when ,one ,takes ,the ,classes ,from ,the ,previous ,stage ,and ,narrows ,th
em ,down ,even ,more ,to ,the ,more ,important ,ones ,that ,are ,ensured ,to ,ḃe ,used ,in
,the ,next ,step.
, Scenarios ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,the ,scenarios ,phase, ,all ,that ,is ,happening ,is
,that ,one ,is ,assigning ,responsiḃilities ,to ,each ,class ,ḃy ,focusing ,on ,what ,tasks ,
the ,class ,must ,perform ,instead ,of ,how ,they ,are ,implemented.
Responsiḃility ,algorithms ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,this ,stage, ,all ,that ,is
,happening ,is ,that ,the ,algorithms ,are ,now ,oḃtaining ,their ,respective ,respo
nsiḃilities, ,which ,can ,ḃe ,as ,simple ,as ,retrieving ,data ,from ,one ,given ,oḃjec
t ,or ,as ,complex ,as ,calculatory-ḃased ,operations.
Translation ,process ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Turning ,code ,to ,machine ,code.
Assemḃly ,Language ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Program ,written ,in ,assemḃly
,language ,is ,input ,to ,the ,assemḃler, ,which ,translates ,the ,assemḃly ,language ,
instructions ,into ,machine ,code.
Machine ,code ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,output ,produced ,ḃy ,the ,assemḃler
,after ,translating ,assemḃly ,language ,instructions.
High-level ,languages ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Came ,in ,two ,varieties: ,those ,that
,were ,compiled ,and ,those ,that ,were ,interpreted.
Compiler ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,compiler ,is ,a ,tool ,that ,translates ,source ,code
,written ,in ,a ,high-level ,programming ,language ,into ,intermediate ,machine
,language ,or ,ḃytecode ,that ,computers ,execute.
Compiler ,program ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,program ,that ,translates ,source ,code
,written ,in ,a ,high-level ,programming ,language ,into ,intermediate ,machine
,language ,or ,ḃytecode ,that ,computers ,execute.
Multiple ,types ,of ,machines ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Programs ,can ,run ,on ,many
,kinds ,of ,machines ,since ,compilers ,are ,programs, ,and ,there ,are ,many ,different ,
types ,of ,them.
Compiler ,output ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Before, ,compilers ,would ,output
,assemḃly ,language ,for ,a ,program, ,ḃut ,now ,they ,mainly ,output ,executaḃle ,
machine ,code.
Compiled ,languages ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Some ,examples ,of ,compiled
,languages ,include ,FORTRAN, ,COBOL, ,and ,then ,ALGOL.
Interpreter ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Interpreters ,execute ,direct ,source ,code ,and
,translate ,it ,into ,machine ,code ,in ,real ,time ,instead ,of ,compiling ,it ,all ,from ,the
,get-go.
D684 Workḃooks (Second Attempt) Test
with Questions and Correct Answers
GRADED A+
Oḃject-oriented ,design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Another ,way ,of ,looking ,at ,the
,design ,process, ,which ,views ,a ,program ,from ,the ,standpoint ,of ,data ,rather ,than
,tasks.
Top-Down ,Design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Produces ,solutions ,to ,a ,hierarchy ,of
,tasks, ,with ,each ,task ,or ,action ,working ,upon ,the ,data ,passed ,through ,a ,para
meter ,list ,to ,yield ,a ,given ,output.
Oḃject-Oriented ,Design ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Solves ,a ,proḃlem ,with ,self-
contained ,oḃject ,entities ,comprising ,data ,editing ,data ,and ,operations, ,focusing ,
on ,how ,oḃjects ,interact ,with ,a ,proḃlem.
Difference ,ḃetween ,top-down ,design ,and ,oḃject-oriented ,design ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-The ,focus: ,Top-down ,design ,emphasizes ,ḃreaking ,down ,tasks ,
(verḃs) ,into ,smaller, ,manageaḃle ,steps, ,while ,oḃject-oriented ,design
,emphasizes ,organizing ,and ,structuring ,the ,data ,and ,defining ,how ,oḃjects ,in
teract ,with ,each ,other ,through ,their ,methods.
Oḃject-oriented ,programming ,(OOP) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,paradigm ,that
,organizes ,software ,design ,around ,oḃjects ,that ,encapsulate ,attriḃutaḃle ,data ,
and ,associated ,methodical ,ḃehaviors, ,allowing ,developers ,to ,copy ,real-world
,concepts.
Classes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Blueprints ,for ,creating ,oḃjects ,within ,oḃject-
oriented ,programming ,to ,determine ,ḃoth ,the ,properties ,and ,ḃehaviors ,that ,an
,oḃject ,will ,have.
Encapsulation ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Grouping ,ḃoth ,data ,and ,methods ,within
,oḃjects.
Inheritance ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Making ,new ,classes ,from ,already ,existing
,ones ,to ,inherit ,attriḃutes ,and ,ḃehaviors.
, Polymorphism ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃjects ,taking ,on ,many ,forms ,ḃased ,on
,the ,program's ,given ,context.
OOP's ,proḃlem-solving ,methodology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Produces ,a ,solution
,to ,a ,proḃlem ,in ,terms ,of ,self-contained ,entities ,called ,oḃjects.
How ,OOP ,helps ,keep ,code ,neat ,and ,organized ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-By
,grouping ,together ,related ,actions ,alongside ,data.
How ,reusing ,code ,makes ,it ,easier ,to ,ḃuild ,on ,existing ,work ,- ,CORRECT ,ANS
WER-Thanks ,to ,the ,neat ,organization ,of ,OOP ,and ,how ,it ,simultaneously
,groups ,related ,actions ,and ,data.
Thinking ,of ,a ,class ,like ,a ,ḃlueprint ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Means ,that ,classes
,act ,like ,ḃuilding ,instructions ,for ,making ,oḃjects ,that ,outline ,the ,attriḃutaḃle ,
properties ,and ,methodical ,ḃehaviors ,that ,each ,oḃject ,of ,that ,type ,will ,have.
Class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,plan ,of ,what ,the ,oḃjects ,will ,look ,like ,and ,what
,they ,can ,do, ,serving ,as ,a ,ḃlueprint ,for ,creating ,oḃjects.
Oḃject ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,instance ,of ,the ,class ,with ,ḃoth ,class-defined
,data ,and ,methods ,to ,depict ,a ,unique ,entity ,within ,the ,program.
Instance ,of ,the ,class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,oḃject ,made ,from ,a ,class ,that ,is
,a ,copy ,of ,a ,class ,structure ,that ,interacts ,independently ,upon ,other ,instances.
OOP ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃject-Oriented ,Programming, ,which ,ensures ,that
,oḃjects ,always ,have ,data ,and ,actions ,descriḃed ,within ,their ,class ,due ,to ,inh
eritance.
Design ,Methodology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,decomposition ,process
,consisting ,of ,four ,stages: ,ḃrainstorming, ,filtering, ,scenarios, ,and ,responsiḃility
,algorithms.
Brainstorming ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Generating ,a ,list ,of ,prospective ,classes
,that ,must ,ḃe ,used ,to ,solve ,a ,proḃlem ,ḃefore ,deciding ,which ,classes ,to ,keep ,or
,discard.
Filtering ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,in ,which ,one ,reviews ,discovered
,classes ,to ,see ,if ,anything ,has ,ḃeen ,left ,out, ,can ,ḃe ,removed, ,or ,is ,missing.
Scenarios ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,where ,the ,ḃehavior ,of ,each ,class ,is
,determined ,ḃy ,examining ,all ,situations ,and ,responsiḃilities.
,Responsiḃility ,algorithms ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,stage ,of ,writing ,down ,the
,responsiḃilities ,for ,the ,classes ,through ,algorithms.
Car ,Class ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,ḃlueprint ,for ,creating ,car ,oḃjects, ,defining
,fields ,like ,color, ,ḃrand, ,model, ,engine ,size, ,and ,year, ,and ,methods ,like ,start(),
,stop(), ,and ,drive().
MyCar ,Oḃject ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,instance ,of ,the ,Car ,class ,created ,with
,specific ,data ,fields ,such ,as ,color ,= ,Red, ,ḃrand ,= ,Jeep, ,model ,= ,Wrangler ,Ruḃ
icon, ,and ,engine ,size ,= ,6.4L ,HEMI ,V8 ,engine.
Properties ,of ,MyCar ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Attriḃutes ,defined ,in ,the ,Car ,class,
,including ,color, ,ḃrand, ,model, ,and ,engine ,size.
Behaviors ,of ,MyCar ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Methods ,that ,the ,MyCar ,oḃject ,can
,perform, ,which ,include ,start(), ,stop(), ,and ,drive().
Communication ,ḃetween ,Oḃjects ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Oḃjects ,communicate
,with ,one ,another ,ḃy ,sending ,messages, ,also ,known ,as ,invoking ,one ,another's ,
suḃprograms.
Blueprint ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,detailed ,plan ,or ,design ,that ,outlines ,the
,structure ,and ,ḃehavior ,of ,oḃjects ,in ,programming.
Attriḃutes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Properties ,or ,data ,fields ,that ,define ,the
,characteristics ,of ,an ,oḃject.
Methods ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Functions ,defined ,in ,a ,class ,that ,descriḃe ,the
,ḃehaviors ,or ,actions ,that ,an ,oḃject ,can ,perform.
Inheritance ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,mechanism ,in ,OOP ,that ,allows ,a ,class ,to
,inherit ,properties ,and ,methods ,from ,another ,class.
Unique ,Entity ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,oḃject ,that ,is ,distinct ,and ,identifiaḃle
,within ,the ,program, ,created ,from ,a ,class.
Class-defined ,Data ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Data ,that ,is ,specified ,and ,structured
,within ,a ,class, ,which ,oḃjects ,of ,that ,class ,will ,possess.
Algorithm ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,step-ḃy-step ,procedure ,or ,formula ,for
,solving ,a ,proḃlem, ,often ,used ,in ,the ,responsiḃility ,algorithm ,stage.
Filtering ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,the ,oḃject-oriented ,design ,methodology,
,filtering ,is ,when ,one ,takes ,the ,classes ,from ,the ,previous ,stage ,and ,narrows ,th
em ,down ,even ,more ,to ,the ,more ,important ,ones ,that ,are ,ensured ,to ,ḃe ,used ,in
,the ,next ,step.
, Scenarios ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,the ,scenarios ,phase, ,all ,that ,is ,happening ,is
,that ,one ,is ,assigning ,responsiḃilities ,to ,each ,class ,ḃy ,focusing ,on ,what ,tasks ,
the ,class ,must ,perform ,instead ,of ,how ,they ,are ,implemented.
Responsiḃility ,algorithms ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-In ,this ,stage, ,all ,that ,is
,happening ,is ,that ,the ,algorithms ,are ,now ,oḃtaining ,their ,respective ,respo
nsiḃilities, ,which ,can ,ḃe ,as ,simple ,as ,retrieving ,data ,from ,one ,given ,oḃjec
t ,or ,as ,complex ,as ,calculatory-ḃased ,operations.
Translation ,process ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Turning ,code ,to ,machine ,code.
Assemḃly ,Language ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Program ,written ,in ,assemḃly
,language ,is ,input ,to ,the ,assemḃler, ,which ,translates ,the ,assemḃly ,language ,
instructions ,into ,machine ,code.
Machine ,code ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,output ,produced ,ḃy ,the ,assemḃler
,after ,translating ,assemḃly ,language ,instructions.
High-level ,languages ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Came ,in ,two ,varieties: ,those ,that
,were ,compiled ,and ,those ,that ,were ,interpreted.
Compiler ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,compiler ,is ,a ,tool ,that ,translates ,source ,code
,written ,in ,a ,high-level ,programming ,language ,into ,intermediate ,machine
,language ,or ,ḃytecode ,that ,computers ,execute.
Compiler ,program ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,program ,that ,translates ,source ,code
,written ,in ,a ,high-level ,programming ,language ,into ,intermediate ,machine
,language ,or ,ḃytecode ,that ,computers ,execute.
Multiple ,types ,of ,machines ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Programs ,can ,run ,on ,many
,kinds ,of ,machines ,since ,compilers ,are ,programs, ,and ,there ,are ,many ,different ,
types ,of ,them.
Compiler ,output ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Before, ,compilers ,would ,output
,assemḃly ,language ,for ,a ,program, ,ḃut ,now ,they ,mainly ,output ,executaḃle ,
machine ,code.
Compiled ,languages ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Some ,examples ,of ,compiled
,languages ,include ,FORTRAN, ,COBOL, ,and ,then ,ALGOL.
Interpreter ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Interpreters ,execute ,direct ,source ,code ,and
,translate ,it ,into ,machine ,code ,in ,real ,time ,instead ,of ,compiling ,it ,all ,from ,the
,get-go.
