Cincinnati-Main Biology 2: 1082 Evolution, Physiology, and
Ecology essentials ACTUAL FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM 2026-2027 APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have
differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent
them from interbreeding
behavioral isolation
Morphological differences prevent fertilization.
mechanical isolation
Barriers that prevent the hybrid zygote from becoming a fertile adult.
postzygotic barriers
A postzygotic barrier in which hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to
reach sexual maturity
hybrid inviability
hybrid offspring are sterile or have low fertility
hybrid infertility
,hybrids have lower fitness than either parent species; reproductive
isolation is maintained due to lack of hybrid survival/reproduction
species Reinforcement
An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single
ancestral species
adaptive radiation
The formation of new species in populations that are geographically
isolated from one another.
allopatric speciation
The formation of new species in populations that live in the same
geographic area
sympatric speciation
polyploidy resulting from contribution of chromosomes from two or
more species
allopolyploidy
Species evolve by the accumulation of many small changes over a long
time period
phyletic gradualism
,Largest mass extinction in history, as it wiped out about 90% of all
marine animal species.
permian extinction
form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs
when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve
have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
disruptive selection
Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when
individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than
individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
directional selection
If a population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, then evolution
would occur in that population. True or False
false
Genotypes are said to be in _________ equilibrium if there is random
mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from
one generation to the next.
Hardy-Weinburg
In a hypothetical study, equal numbers of dark and light moths are
marked and released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands. Then
some are recaptured 10 days later. According to the industrial melanism
hypothesis, what result would you predict from dark moths?
More dark moths in polluted areas
, The midrange of an array of phenotypes is favored in what type of
selection?
Stabilizing Selection
A certain island is the home of sea birds that migrate, as well as ground-
dwelling birds that stay on the island. The ground-dwelling birds are
more likely to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium than the sea birds,
because:
They dont migrate
When the function of an allele is influenced by the alleles of other
genes elsewhere in the genome, the interaction is called _ and
can affect selection for the allele.
Epistasis
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are _______ _.
Allele Frequencies
darker-colored individuals predominating due to selection in a
polluted environment is _______ _.
Industrial Melanisim
During his voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle, Darwin
observed that islands were______ plants and animals common to
continents.
Often missing
Ecology essentials ACTUAL FINAL EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM 2026-2027 APPROVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS WITH
DETAILED RATIONALES (100% CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026 EDITION
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have
differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent
them from interbreeding
behavioral isolation
Morphological differences prevent fertilization.
mechanical isolation
Barriers that prevent the hybrid zygote from becoming a fertile adult.
postzygotic barriers
A postzygotic barrier in which hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to
reach sexual maturity
hybrid inviability
hybrid offspring are sterile or have low fertility
hybrid infertility
,hybrids have lower fitness than either parent species; reproductive
isolation is maintained due to lack of hybrid survival/reproduction
species Reinforcement
An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve from a single
ancestral species
adaptive radiation
The formation of new species in populations that are geographically
isolated from one another.
allopatric speciation
The formation of new species in populations that live in the same
geographic area
sympatric speciation
polyploidy resulting from contribution of chromosomes from two or
more species
allopolyploidy
Species evolve by the accumulation of many small changes over a long
time period
phyletic gradualism
,Largest mass extinction in history, as it wiped out about 90% of all
marine animal species.
permian extinction
form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs
when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve
have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
disruptive selection
Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when
individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than
individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
directional selection
If a population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, then evolution
would occur in that population. True or False
false
Genotypes are said to be in _________ equilibrium if there is random
mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from
one generation to the next.
Hardy-Weinburg
In a hypothetical study, equal numbers of dark and light moths are
marked and released in polluted and unpolluted woodlands. Then
some are recaptured 10 days later. According to the industrial melanism
hypothesis, what result would you predict from dark moths?
More dark moths in polluted areas
, The midrange of an array of phenotypes is favored in what type of
selection?
Stabilizing Selection
A certain island is the home of sea birds that migrate, as well as ground-
dwelling birds that stay on the island. The ground-dwelling birds are
more likely to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium than the sea birds,
because:
They dont migrate
When the function of an allele is influenced by the alleles of other
genes elsewhere in the genome, the interaction is called _ and
can affect selection for the allele.
Epistasis
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are _______ _.
Allele Frequencies
darker-colored individuals predominating due to selection in a
polluted environment is _______ _.
Industrial Melanisim
During his voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle, Darwin
observed that islands were______ plants and animals common to
continents.
Often missing
