NUR 670 - Exam 1: Comprehensive
Study Guide on Psychiatric-Mental
Health Nursing Concepts, Laws,
Theories, and Pharmacological
Interventions (Q&A with Rationale,
Latest Update)
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Correct Answer: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is anatomically divided into the CNS
(brain and spinal cord) and the PNS (all neural tissue outside the CNS).
The CNS integrates and processes information, while the PNS
transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.
What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
Correct Answer: The spinal cord and brain
Rationale: The CNS is composed of the brain, which is the control
center for thoughts, memory, and emotion, and the spinal cord, which
serves as the main pathway for information connecting the brain to
the peripheral nervous system.
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
Correct Answer: Conveys information from CNS to skeletal muscle
, Rationale: The somatic nervous system is the part of the PNS
responsible for voluntary control of body movements via skeletal
muscles. It carries motor commands from the CNS to the muscles.
What are amino acids?
Correct Answer: Building blocks of proteins
Rationale: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form
proteins. They are essential for numerous bodily functions, including
tissue repair, nutrient absorption, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
What is glucose?
Correct Answer: The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and
provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is
low, we feel hunger.
Rationale: Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary energy source
for the body's cells. It is transported via the bloodstream and its levels
are tightly regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon.
What is glycogen?
Correct Answer: An extensively branched glucose storage
polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal
equivalent of starch.
Rationale: Glycogen is the stored form of glucose. It is primarily
found in the liver (where it helps maintain blood glucose levels) and in
skeletal muscle (where it provides energy during physical activity).
What is aphasia?
, Correct Answer: Impairment of language, usually caused by left
hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to
Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that results from
damage to the language centers of the brain. Broca's aphasia is
characterized by difficulty producing speech, while Wernicke's aphasia
is characterized by difficulty understanding speech.
What is an EEG (Electroencephalogram)?
Correct Answer: An amplified recording of the waves of electrical
activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are
measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
Rationale: An EEG is a non-invasive test that detects electrical activity
in the brain using small metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp.
It is used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and
brain death.
What are neuroglial cells?
Correct Answer: Supporting cells of the nervous system
Rationale: Neuroglia, or glial cells, are non-neuronal cells in the CNS
and PNS that provide support, nourishment, and protection for
neurons. They also maintain homeostasis and form myelin.
What is acetylcholine?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Rationale: Acetylcholine is a crucial neurotransmitter at
neuromuscular junctions, causing skeletal muscle to contract. In the
brain, it is involved in attention, learning, and memory. Degeneration
of cholinergic neurons is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
, What are oligodendrocytes?
Correct Answer: Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a
myelin sheath.
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell found only in the
CNS. Their primary function is to produce the myelin sheath, a fatty
layer that insulates axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve
impulses.
What is norepinephrine?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in
learning and mood regulation, helps control alertness and arousal
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that
plays a key role in the body's "fight-or-flight" response. It increases
alertness, arousal, and attention, and is a target for many
antidepressant medications.
What is serotonin?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep,
arousal, and mood.
Rationale: Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that
contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. It also helps
regulate the sleep-wake cycle, appetite, and digestive processes.
Imbalances in serotonin are linked to depression, anxiety, and OCD.
What is the Marchman Act fundamentally?
Correct Answer: A bill of rights for persons with substance use
disorders
Rationale: The Marchman Act is a Florida statute that provides a legal
framework for the involuntary assessment and treatment of
Study Guide on Psychiatric-Mental
Health Nursing Concepts, Laws,
Theories, and Pharmacological
Interventions (Q&A with Rationale,
Latest Update)
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Correct Answer: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS)
Rationale: The nervous system is anatomically divided into the CNS
(brain and spinal cord) and the PNS (all neural tissue outside the CNS).
The CNS integrates and processes information, while the PNS
transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.
What does the Central Nervous System consist of?
Correct Answer: The spinal cord and brain
Rationale: The CNS is composed of the brain, which is the control
center for thoughts, memory, and emotion, and the spinal cord, which
serves as the main pathway for information connecting the brain to
the peripheral nervous system.
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
Correct Answer: Conveys information from CNS to skeletal muscle
, Rationale: The somatic nervous system is the part of the PNS
responsible for voluntary control of body movements via skeletal
muscles. It carries motor commands from the CNS to the muscles.
What are amino acids?
Correct Answer: Building blocks of proteins
Rationale: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form
proteins. They are essential for numerous bodily functions, including
tissue repair, nutrient absorption, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
What is glucose?
Correct Answer: The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and
provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is
low, we feel hunger.
Rationale: Glucose is a simple sugar and the primary energy source
for the body's cells. It is transported via the bloodstream and its levels
are tightly regulated by hormones like insulin and glucagon.
What is glycogen?
Correct Answer: An extensively branched glucose storage
polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal
equivalent of starch.
Rationale: Glycogen is the stored form of glucose. It is primarily
found in the liver (where it helps maintain blood glucose levels) and in
skeletal muscle (where it provides energy during physical activity).
What is aphasia?
, Correct Answer: Impairment of language, usually caused by left
hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to
Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that results from
damage to the language centers of the brain. Broca's aphasia is
characterized by difficulty producing speech, while Wernicke's aphasia
is characterized by difficulty understanding speech.
What is an EEG (Electroencephalogram)?
Correct Answer: An amplified recording of the waves of electrical
activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are
measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
Rationale: An EEG is a non-invasive test that detects electrical activity
in the brain using small metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp.
It is used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and
brain death.
What are neuroglial cells?
Correct Answer: Supporting cells of the nervous system
Rationale: Neuroglia, or glial cells, are non-neuronal cells in the CNS
and PNS that provide support, nourishment, and protection for
neurons. They also maintain homeostasis and form myelin.
What is acetylcholine?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter that enables learning and
memory and also triggers muscle contraction
Rationale: Acetylcholine is a crucial neurotransmitter at
neuromuscular junctions, causing skeletal muscle to contract. In the
brain, it is involved in attention, learning, and memory. Degeneration
of cholinergic neurons is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
, What are oligodendrocytes?
Correct Answer: Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a
myelin sheath.
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell found only in the
CNS. Their primary function is to produce the myelin sheath, a fatty
layer that insulates axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve
impulses.
What is norepinephrine?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in
learning and mood regulation, helps control alertness and arousal
Rationale: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that
plays a key role in the body's "fight-or-flight" response. It increases
alertness, arousal, and attention, and is a target for many
antidepressant medications.
What is serotonin?
Correct Answer: A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep,
arousal, and mood.
Rationale: Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that
contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness. It also helps
regulate the sleep-wake cycle, appetite, and digestive processes.
Imbalances in serotonin are linked to depression, anxiety, and OCD.
What is the Marchman Act fundamentally?
Correct Answer: A bill of rights for persons with substance use
disorders
Rationale: The Marchman Act is a Florida statute that provides a legal
framework for the involuntary assessment and treatment of
