Exam 1 Material ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
steady state inputs of matter and energy equal the outputs
equilibrium lowest free energy state of a system
control direct manipulation of a variable
, regulation achievement of an end result
negative feedback responds to altered output by restoring itself to initial set point
positive feedback responds to altered output by moving variables further from initial set point
feed-forward anticipation of changes to act before alterations begin
body heat is produced by: metabolism, food intake, muscular activity
body heat is lost by: convection, radiation, and conduction (70%), evaporation of sweat (27%),
respiration (2%), urination/defecation (1%)
radiation transfer of heat to and from the skin by electromagnetic waves
conduction intermolecular thermal heat transfer b/w skin and air
convection loss or gain of heat by the movement of air/water over the skin
What is temp regulated by? hypothalamus
cold-activated mechanisms increased: shivering, hunger, voluntary activity, secretion of
norepinephrine/epinephrine, horripilation
heat-activated mechanisms increased: respiration, apathy, inertia, sweating, anorexia
permeability of gas molecules freely permeable
permeability of small, uncharged molecules freely permeable
permeability of large, charged molecules not freely permeable
diffusion movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
concentration gradient driving force for diffusion
passive transport simple or facilitated diffusion
active transport requires ATP
steady state inputs of matter and energy equal the outputs
equilibrium lowest free energy state of a system
control direct manipulation of a variable
, regulation achievement of an end result
negative feedback responds to altered output by restoring itself to initial set point
positive feedback responds to altered output by moving variables further from initial set point
feed-forward anticipation of changes to act before alterations begin
body heat is produced by: metabolism, food intake, muscular activity
body heat is lost by: convection, radiation, and conduction (70%), evaporation of sweat (27%),
respiration (2%), urination/defecation (1%)
radiation transfer of heat to and from the skin by electromagnetic waves
conduction intermolecular thermal heat transfer b/w skin and air
convection loss or gain of heat by the movement of air/water over the skin
What is temp regulated by? hypothalamus
cold-activated mechanisms increased: shivering, hunger, voluntary activity, secretion of
norepinephrine/epinephrine, horripilation
heat-activated mechanisms increased: respiration, apathy, inertia, sweating, anorexia
permeability of gas molecules freely permeable
permeability of small, uncharged molecules freely permeable
permeability of large, charged molecules not freely permeable
diffusion movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
concentration gradient driving force for diffusion
passive transport simple or facilitated diffusion
active transport requires ATP
